大專運動員心理資本、運動表現及主觀幸福感之相關研究

Abstract

本研究主要目的為：（一）以Luthans (2007) 提出心理資本的概念，編製運動心理資本測量工具，並考驗量表信度與效度；（二）探討心理資本對運動表現及主觀幸福感的預測力是否會比心理資本獨自四個構念（自我效能、希望感、復原力和樂觀）的預測力高。預試以150名大專甲組運動員為對象，參與者填寫30題的運動心理資本量表，經由探索性因素分析，刪除跨因素及因素負荷量小於.40的8題；最後由其餘的22題抽取四個穩定的因素(自我效能、復原力、希望感和樂觀)，總解釋變異量為61.04％。正式施測以219名大專甲組運動員為研究對象，參與者填寫運動心理資本量表、自評運動表現量表和主觀幸福感量表。研究結果顯示：（一）經由驗證性因素分析，顯示二階心理資本的測量模式具有可接受的模式適配度與良好的信度，可運用至運動領域測量心理資本的研究工具；（二）在探討心理資本對運動表現及主觀幸福感的預測方面，經階層迴歸分析結果發現心理資本對運動表現的預測力高於希望感、復原力和樂觀，然而，自我效能與心理資本對運動表現的預測力沒有差異。再者，心理資本對主觀幸福感的預測力高於其獨立四個構面。本研究針對結果提出討論，亦對於實際運用與未來進一步研究提出建議。he purposes of this study was two-fold: first, base on Luthans’ model (2007) to develop a Sport Psychological Capital (PsyCap) measurement and test the reliability and validity. Second, compare the predictive utility of PsyCap and four independent facets (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) on sport performance and subjective well-being. In pilot study, the participants were 150 Division-I collegiate athletes. Participants were asked to complete a 30-item Sport Psychological Capital Questionnaire. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed a stable four-factor construct (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism), four-factor’s total explained variance was 61.04％. In formal study, 219 Division-I collegiate athletes were recruited. After received the informed consent, participants were requested to complete questionnaires which assessed their psychological capital, sport performance, and subjective well-being. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the second-order psychological capital measurement model had accepted goodness-of-fit and good reliability. In terms of examining the predictive utility of PsyCap on sports performance and subjective well-being, the results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that PsyCap had a greater prediction power on sport performance than hope, resilience, and optimism; however, self-efficacy and PsyCap showed almost same prediction power on sport performance. Furthermore, In terms of predicting subjective well-being, PsyCap had greater prediction power than the four independent facets. According to the results and discussion, the practical application and future research suggestions were provided.