我國學校游泳池委外經營之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在解析我國學校游泳池之委外經營之現況及成功因素，並探討委外經營後產生之問題困難與解決策略，進而建立學校游泳池委外經營之模式。本研究以2006年8月至2007年6月，擁有室內外游泳池並成功委外經營之各級公立學校共43所，相關之行政人員43位（大專校院2位、高中職15位、國中9位及國小17位）及業者負責人27位為研究對象。利用文件分析法及訪談調查法搜集資料，並以百分比、次數分配、互動模式與類屬分析方法處理，獲致結論如下： 一、學校游泳池委外經營數量仍低，但有逐年成長之趨勢，其方式以OT最多，ROT次之BOT方式最少。以BOT方式委外學校，具備優良委外條件，但營運呈虧損情形，值得重視。而ROT方式委外之學校，則以校方態度積極並建立互信溝通管道之行政條件方面具備優勢。另OT方式委外學校中，泳池深度合適教學為必備條件。在學校設施及市場條件缺乏競爭力之情況下，可由早泳會之非營利性組織經營。 二、足夠客源人數之市場條件為BOT方式委外經營主要成功因素。而學校之主動積極及學校位置合適與人口結構水準高之良好市場條件因素，為促使ROT方式委外經營之重要關鍵。另OT方式委外經營之成功因素，則以地點合適之良好市場條件及設備新穎為主要考量因素。 三、BOT方式委外之學校，會面臨委外觀念共識不同之困擾，透過良好之溝通協調策略應為解決之道。而地方稅款繳交及游泳教學政策不落實影響業者營收，為ROT方式委外後之主要困難，以修改地方稅法減免規定，及政府補助經費政策為其解決策略。在OT方式委外經營之學校中，主要問題為泳池老舊設計不良增加業者經營成本，解決策略為規劃以ROT方式委外及與校方溝通協調尋求協助。 四、在各種方式之委外經營模式中，足夠居民人口數之市場條件及積極之行政配合態度，皆為學校游泳池委外經營之成功因素，應作為學校游泳池委外經營之重要參考依據。委外經營後須以互信互惠之公私夥伴關係理論為基礎，雙方共同協力解決經營所面臨之問題困難。 基於以上結論，建議無論BOT、ROT或OT方式之委外經營學校，皆應建立校內同仁委外經營之共識，同時須將業者視為夥伴，並協助業者解決困難，方為學校游泳池永續經營之道。另政府相關單位應重視現有已委外經營學校面臨之問題，成立工作小組，單一窗口統籌解決學校運動設施管理相關事宜，並積極推動游泳池與校園運動設施委外經營之業務。The purpose of this study was to analyze the current situation, success factors, difficulties and solutions of the outsourcing management of school swimming pools in Taiwan. It is hoped that the results of this study would be of interest to schools which have not implemented outsourcing management and to relevant authorities. 43 school administrative staff members of public schools with outsourced swimming pools (2 from college, 15 from senior high school, 9 from junior high school and 17 from primary school) and 27 dealers of outsourcing companies served as the subjects in this study. Document analysis and interviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, interactive mode and categorization were used as instruments for data analysis. The results showed as follows: 1. The quantity of outsourced school swimming pools was small, but this study revealed an increasing trend of outsourcing. Among different types of outsourcing, OT-type was most frequently adopted, followed by ROT-type and BOT-type. It is worth noting that schools adopting BOT-type met the requirements of outsourcing but had a financial deficit in operation. Schools adopting ROT-type had a positive attitude in administration and communication. As for schools adopting OT-type, an optimum pool depth for swimming teaching is essential. Besides the three types of outsourcing, non-profit organizations were proposed to manage school swimming pools which are currently in poor condition. 2. The success factor of BOT-type was the abundance of customers. The success factors of ROT-type were the positive attitude of school administration, good school location and high levels of population structure. The success factors of OT-type were good school location and new facilities of swimming pools. 3. Good communication and coordination were the best way for schools adopting BOT-type to reach common ground with their dealers. Amendment to the local tax policy and government subsidies were the solutions to problems faced the schools adopting ROT-type. The adoption of ROT-type and good communication between schools and dealers were the solutions for schools adopting OT-type. 4. In all types of outsourcing management, an abundance of population and positive administration attitude were the key factors contributing to the success of the outsourcing management of school swimming pools. The result could serve as an important reference for schools considering outsourcing management. Schools and dealers should cooperate based on public-private partnership theory to work out their differences. According to the results, the researcher suggested that the school faculty should reach a consensus on outsourcing management and regard dealers as partners, and help them to solve management problems. Moreover, the authorities concerned should pay more attention to the problems facing the schools with outsourced swimming pools, and form a team to make an overall plan of facility management in schools and encourage the implementation of outsourcing management of school swimming pools and other sports facilities.