大陸及外籍配偶生活處遇及權益之研究
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Date
2008/11-2009/09
Authors
游美貴
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關鍵字：弱勢外籍和大陸配偶、生活狀況、服務處遇、權益需求 近年政府對於這些新移民權益的重視，內政部曾於92年及97年辦理外籍與大陸配偶生活需求調查，藉以瞭解其在台一般性的生活需求。然而，對於大陸及外籍配偶若身處於弱勢家庭(身心障礙、低收入戶、家庭暴力及單親)，其生活處遇與權益勢必有別於其他家庭，這個部分更應該予以重視和瞭解。為此本研究目的如下：瞭解弱勢大陸及外籍配偶家庭概況及其相關背景資料；瞭解弱勢大陸及外籍配偶在臺之生活狀況、服務處遇及權益需求；探討弱勢大陸及外籍配偶之人口背景資料與其生活狀況、服務處遇及權益需求之間的差異；深入瞭解處於弱勢家庭(身心障礙、低收入戶、家庭暴力及單親)之大陸及外籍配偶所遭遇之生活困境及所需服務處遇和權益需求；依據上述研究結果，提供相關移民輔導在政策面與實務面之建議供政府參考。 本研究依據研究目的，採量化與質化研究並行的研究方法。資料收集方式包括採問卷調查、深度訪談及焦點團體。 本研究主要研究結果如后，在弱勢大陸及外籍配偶生活狀況，有弱勢大陸及外籍配偶為家中經濟主要來源；經濟為生活主要困擾；婆媳溝通為家人關係重要之處。在服務使用部份，參加過的輔導措施以生活適應輔導為最多；照顧輔導措施訊息，來自於母國朋友告知最多。對於服務處遇需求，整體上期待政府辦理的各項服務需求的前三項，辦理課程為語言訓練/識字教育、職業訓練、親職教育/育嬰常識；以醫療衛生服務方面為醫療補助最多；生活方面服務為提供經濟扶助措施最多。依據弱勢類型在各項的服務需求上，身心障礙、低收入戶與單親家庭，服務需求主要仍為經濟上的協助；曾遭受家庭暴力受訪者認為最需要的服務為社工的協助。在弱勢大陸及外籍配偶權益需求部份，大陸籍配偶與外籍配偶的看法一致；特別在平等權利、自由權及免於受歧視的部分比例非常的高。 根據研究結果與發現，本研究提出中期建議，以作為政府及相關單位之參考。相關建議如下： 一、 立即可行之建議 1. 提高專業人員之文化能力。 2. 改善服務輸送。 3. 協助子女教養與托育。 4. 迅速連結相關福利的權益保障。 5. 排除因為身分證迷思所造成不便性。 6. 保障勞動權益。 7. 未來研究建議納入外配中心角色定位等相關議題。 二、中期建議 1. 提升大陸及外籍配偶的正面形象。 2. 提升本國籍配偶及其共住家人接受多元文化課程。 3. 防治家庭暴力加害人再犯。
Keywords: Vulnerable Foreign and Mainland Chinese Spouses, Living conditions, Service intervention, Demands of rights. This study aims to understand the vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses’ living conditions, service intervention and demands of rights. Those vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses are divided into four groups, which include those with disable Taiwanese spouses, those suffering domestic violence, those in low income family and those in single-parent family. The study addresses a number of research questions: what problems are vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses facing in their daily living? What do they think that the service intervention could be improved? What are their demands of rights? What immigrant policies and practical services should be changed in order to meet their needs? The research combines with quantitative and qualitative methods and conducts in a several way of data collection. Firstly, 700 respondents questionnaire are completed. In addition, there are more detailed discussions with four groups of social workers, who have been working with vulnerable foreign and mainland Chinese spouses. Lastly, interviewing about 42 vulnerable foreign and mainland Chinese spouses it is to understand their demands of service intervention and human right. The main findings of the study find that the most of vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses concern how to alleviate poverty in their daily life. The needs of service intervention include language training course, occupational training, and parental education. Those vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses with disable Taiwanese spouses, those in low income family and those in single-parent family request to have a financial support and those vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses suffering domestic violence request to have help from social workers. The demands of rights are concerned, particularly social equality, anti-discrimination and freedom of action. As a result, the study proposes several recommendations to the government on cultural competence of the service providers, providing day care for their young children, improving the service delivery system, enhancing the right of the employment, dispelling the myth of ID card, and so on.
Keywords: Vulnerable Foreign and Mainland Chinese Spouses, Living conditions, Service intervention, Demands of rights. This study aims to understand the vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses’ living conditions, service intervention and demands of rights. Those vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses are divided into four groups, which include those with disable Taiwanese spouses, those suffering domestic violence, those in low income family and those in single-parent family. The study addresses a number of research questions: what problems are vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses facing in their daily living? What do they think that the service intervention could be improved? What are their demands of rights? What immigrant policies and practical services should be changed in order to meet their needs? The research combines with quantitative and qualitative methods and conducts in a several way of data collection. Firstly, 700 respondents questionnaire are completed. In addition, there are more detailed discussions with four groups of social workers, who have been working with vulnerable foreign and mainland Chinese spouses. Lastly, interviewing about 42 vulnerable foreign and mainland Chinese spouses it is to understand their demands of service intervention and human right. The main findings of the study find that the most of vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses concern how to alleviate poverty in their daily life. The needs of service intervention include language training course, occupational training, and parental education. Those vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses with disable Taiwanese spouses, those in low income family and those in single-parent family request to have a financial support and those vulnerable foreign and Mainland Chinese spouses suffering domestic violence request to have help from social workers. The demands of rights are concerned, particularly social equality, anti-discrimination and freedom of action. As a result, the study proposes several recommendations to the government on cultural competence of the service providers, providing day care for their young children, improving the service delivery system, enhancing the right of the employment, dispelling the myth of ID card, and so on.