有捐血意圖卻未捐血者的信念探究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解有捐血意圖而未付諸實行者的原因，乃依陳述的捐血意圖與實際的捐血行為，將受測者細分為有捐血意圖而未捐血者（N=86）、有捐血意圖且實際捐血者（ N=40）、無捐血意圖且未捐血者（N=131）和無捐血意圖而有捐血者（N=1，未分析），以理性行為理論來剖析這些群體對捐血的行為信念、結果評價、規範信念及依從動機。研究結果顯示，有捐血意圖者中，實際捐血者與未捐血者的認知是有顯著差異的，最主要是反映在捐血可使心情愉快、會造成貧血與感染疾病的三項信念，以及對捐血免費做一次健康檢查的評價；而且有捐血意圖者對捐血的正向信念認知，均優於無捐血意圖者。要規範有效的捐血計劃，應重視上述群體間的差異。

The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons for students who intend to donate blood but fail to carry out this intention. subjects were classified into 3 groups based on their intention and actual blood donating behavior: positive intention and incongruent behavior (N=86), positive intention and congruent behavior (N=40), and negative intention and congruent behavior (N=131). One subject who did not intend to donate blood but actually did was excluded from this study. The Theory of Reasoned Action was adopted to identify the subjects attitudinal beliefs of donating blood, evaluation of the associated consequences, and their normative beliefs and motivation to comply with these norms. One-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant difference between inactive and active positive intenders in their beliefs. Those with blood donating intentions tended to identify more advantages than negative intenders. Special attention should be paid to the difference among various aggregates, in order implement an effective blood donating program.