國小學童口腔衛生教育介入效果之研究－以花蓮縣鳳仁國小學童為例

Abstract

本研究主要是針對國小學童設計一「口腔衛生教育介入」自學教材，並進而探討「口腔衛生教育介入」對學齡兒童口腔保健之「知識」、「態度」、「自我效能」與「習慣」的影響。 研究對象為花蓮縣鳳林鎮鳳仁國小之中、高年級學童，以媒體運用（自學手冊、口腔衛生教育光碟）之介入方式；對照組僅對其進行前、後、後後測問卷施測，而無任何介入活動。 本研究結果如下： 一、口腔衛生教育教學介入後，實驗組之「口腔衛生知識」、「口腔衛生態度」、「口腔衛生自我效能」與「口腔衛生習慣」之得分均能顯著增加；而對照組之「口腔衛生態度」達顯著差異外，其餘之「口腔衛生知識」、「口腔衛生自我效能」與「口腔衛生習慣」之得分無顯著差異。 二、口腔衛生教育教學介入二個月後，實驗組之「口腔衛生知識」、「口腔衛生態度」之得分均有顯著增加，而「口腔衛生自我效能」與「口腔衛生習慣」則無延宕效果；對照組之「口腔衛生知識」、「口腔衛生態度」、「口腔衛生自我效能」與「口腔衛生習慣」則無顯著差異。 三、在教學媒體評量部分，實驗組學生有八成以上同意此教學媒體有助於他們了解口腔衛生相關的知識。 四、實驗組的學生對於口腔衛生教育光碟與自學手冊大都持有正向的評價，可見此介入計畫是受歡迎且有效果的。 五、綜合以上的結論發現，進行教學介入，對於實驗組學生之「口腔衛生知識」與「口腔衛生態度」皆能顯著提升，在「口腔衛生自我效能」及「口腔衛生習慣」部分雖然未有顯著效果，但仍有進步的趨勢。

The purpose of study was to design a self-educational teaching material called oral health intervention. Then further discuss how did this intervention affected children’s knowledge, attitude, self-efficiency and habit of oral health. The intervention group comprised middle and high grades students of Fong-Ren Elementary School, Fonglin Township, Hualien County. Applying experimental group students a media teaching material as the intervention, while control group students did not. Control group students only conducted pretest, posttest, and post posttest. The results in this study were as follows: 1. After the teaching of the oral health education intervened, the scores of oral health knowledge, oral health attitudes, oral health self-efficiency, and oral health habits in experimental group were significantly increased. Besides oral health attitudes, there were no significant differences among oral health knowledge, oral health self-efficiency, and oral health habits of the control group. 2. Two months after the teaching of the oral health education intervened, the scores of oral health knowledge and oral health attitudes in experimental group were significantly increased, but there were no significant differences in oral health elf-efficiency and oral health habits. However, in control group, there were no significant differences on oral health knowledge, oral health attitudes, oral health self-efficiency, and oral health habits. 3. At the evaluation of educational film, over 80% students agreed that the film was helpful to make them understand oral heath related knowledge. 4. The experimental group students had positive attitude toward the oral health Video Compact Disc and the oral health self-education manual. Therefore, this intervention was very welcomed and effective. 5. Analyzing the above conclusions , the intervention was significantly affected by oral health knowledge and oral health attitudes in the experimental group students. Although oral health self-efficiency and oral health habits were not significantly affected , they still had ascending tendency.