幽幽暗暗見曙光：性騷擾受害者申訴歷程之研究

Abstract

中文摘要

本研究以質性研究、生命史研究法，深度訪談兩位受到性騷擾並尋求行政救濟、歷經申訴歷程的當事人，研究目的在瞭解她們在申訴歷程中的經驗，探討性騷擾事件、申訴歷程經驗對她們的影響，並試著瞭解她們在申訴歷程期間所感受到的壓力源及需求，並探討她們成功因應申訴歷程的復原力。

研究結果發現，申訴者在申訴歷程中所面臨的困境有：（1）主管、掌握權威者往往未能正視性騷擾問題的嚴重性，以及專業知能（性騷擾議題、調查與申訴流程）的缺乏。（2）申訴過程中不專業的對待，即掌握權威者以不處理、不受理、無法處理等說詞，或是敷衍的處理方式，企圖說服、威脅、勸阻申訴者的申訴訴求。（3）對加害人不等值（未符合比例原則）的懲處，以致申訴者權益未受保障，而未能獲得公平正義的結果。（4）懲處決議執行、落實與追蹤上的落差。而她們所經歷的性騷擾及申訴歷程也帶給她們程度不等的負面影響，像是生理上的不舒服，心理上的恐懼不安、委屈、憤怒，對自我的否定，感受到無助、無力，對人性的質疑，無法信任，人際關係的疏離冷漠，對異性關係的小心謹慎，對這個社會的負面看法，造成她們在人際關係、生活及職業功能上的負面影響。她們的壓力源除了來自性騷擾事件、申訴歷程所遭受的不專業對待外，尚來自自己與專責處理性騷擾單位及人員之間權力、資源上的差距所致。她們期待國人、這個社會能夠正視性騷擾問題，在走申訴歷程的過程中能被賦能，真相能被公平公正地還原，而獲得公理正義以及人格尊嚴、自身安全感的被保障。

在本研究中也發現，她們在申訴歷程中所展現的復原力有：（1）採用問題解決的因應；（2）態度溫和、立場堅定、自主地表達；（3）瞭解自己的需求與申訴底限；（4）談判技巧的使用；（5）自我肯定、自我期許的力量；（6）學習放下，情感的釋懷；（7）負面情緒的處理與宣洩；（8）遇到困難不放棄的韌性；（9）感受外界的支持與善意，願意伸出求援的手；（10）視生命中的挑戰為成長的機會；（11）積極地尋求他人建議與協助；（12）積極尋求諮商與法律資源；（13）懷抱希望；（14）豁達人生態度的展現；以及（15）隨著時間的流逝、事件落幕、人生機運帶來的療癒效果。

最後研究者根據研究結果進行討論，並提出建議以提供助人工作者（訪談員、調查人員、諮商師）實務工作上及未來研究上的參考。

關鍵字：性騷擾、申訴歷程、壓力、因應、復原力、生命史研究法The Gleams Came From The Shadowy Corner: The Study of the Process of Appealing on Victims of Sexual Harassment

Hsin-Yi Li

Abstract

This study use qualitative research and life history methods to interview two persons who involved sexual harassment and appeal for seeking administration relief. The purpose of this study was to comprehend their experience during the process of appeal, to investigate the influence of sexual harassment and the process of appeal. Furthermore, this study attempt to find out the stressors and demands which they felt during the process of appeal, to figure out their resilience for successful managing the appeal.

The results of this study demonstrated several predicaments were confronted by complainant during the process of appeal. First, the chief or the authorities do not take the sexual harassment seriously, and deficient in professional knowledge and capability (included issues of sexual harassment, investigation and the procedures of appeal).

Second, complainant received un-professional handling during the process of appeal. The authorities usually give the saying that not deal with, reject or unable handle the complaint, and take steps in a perfunctory manner. Trying to persuade, threaten, and dissuade the complainant from appealing for indictment. Third, inequality of punishment and penalty (not accord with the proportion principle) to the inflictor, with the result that hardly protect the rights and interests of the complainant from the equity and justice.

Fourth, there were some discrepancies during the execution, ascertain and follow-up of the punishment. These sexual harassment and the process of appeal cause different negative effects to the complainant, such as physiological uncomfortable, to feel fear, agitation, wronged and indignation in mentally, self-negation, experience helpless and disempowered, suspicious of humanity and unable to trust in. Moreover, unconcerned and emotionless to the interpersonal relationships, careful and discreet to the opposite-sex relationship, and the negative perspective on this society, also affects the complainant’s interpersonal relationships and the functions in livelihood and in career negatively.

The stressors for the complainant not only came from the affairs of sexual harassment and the un-professional handling of the appeal, but also came from the disparity in power and resources between the complainant and the special agency (commission and administrator) which in charge of the sexual harassment. The complainant expects all the citizen can face the sexual harassment seriously and be empowered during the process of the appeal. Return the original real situation and condition with equality and justice. It will take possession of general acknowledged truth and ensure the human dignity and the self-security.

This study also found the resilience that they represent in appealing have: (1). Adopted problem-focused coping; (2). Temperate attitude, firm stand, and expressing acting on one's own; (3). Realize the demands and the bottom of the appeal; (4). Make use of negotiation skills; (5). The power of self positive and expectation; (6). Learn to let something go and release the affections; (7). Handling and unleash the negative emotion; (8). Toughness and never give up; (9). Experience external support and good will, and be willing to ask for help; (10). Regard challenge in lives as the chance to grow up; (11). Active in seeking the suggestions and the assistances from outsiders; (12). Active in search of the counseling and the legal resources; (13). Always keep hopes; (14). Show the open-minded and magnanimous attitude; and (15). The curative effects after the time pass by, with the end of matters, and the opportunity and fortune in one’s life.

Finally, the discussion was made base on the results of this study. It also proposed several suggestions for interviewer, investigator, counselor, and the Committee for Gender Equality Education in order to provide the related special assistances in practical management and the further research.

Keywords: sexual harassment, the process of appeal, stress, coping, resilience, life history