78轉唱片數位優化之探討 －以1926年日蓄唱片《陳三五娘大公》為例

Abstract

本篇論文主要以探討78轉唱片的數位化與降噪技術為主，《陳三五娘大公》(一)~(六) (以下簡稱《大公》)為研究範圍，並以《大公》(二)為研究對象。《大公》這批78轉唱片出版時間為1926年10月6日，由日蓄唱片公司發行的第一批在臺錄製歌子戲唱片。因唱片年代久遠加上保存不良等因素，使唱片嚴重耗損；為了重現當年音樂，筆者將藉由現代的科技技術將原始聲音再現。

本文先根據其78轉唱片《陳三五娘大公》背景做敘述。分成兩大部分：一、圓盤唱片的歷史背景：其78轉唱片屬於圓盤唱片的一個分支，於此將唱片歷史做一簡述介紹，也探討留聲機如何傳入臺灣與此張唱片的歷史意義。二、《陳三五娘大公》唱片介紹：其「陳三五娘」故事極具知名，但其所蒐集唱片卻增加「大公」二字。於此，此部分先回顧「陳三五娘」故事，爾後根據《陳三五娘大公》唱片，從中探討其「大公」的由來，並採譜《大公》(二)進行深入的分析。

此套唱片因受到不同因素的影響，其狀況不佳，連帶聲音品質下降。透過國立臺灣師範大學「音樂數位典藏中心」的標準化流程，將其78轉唱片數位化，其流程包括「原件清理」、「調整器材」、「類比數位轉換」、「成品監聽」等。並使用兩套軟體：SoundBlade、Nuendo，進行聲音降噪的處理。藉由聲音軟體將過多的噪音及雜音濾掉，逐步重現原音。文中採用圖片輔以文字解說，使人更加了解其數位優化過程。

本研究以實務為核心，透過有系統性的數位化與降噪作業標準流程，希冀提供給相關音樂研究者、音樂科技工作者、唱片修復人員一個前瞻性與建設性的工作指南，讓更多人瞭解其數位典藏的價值與應用。

This research is about the digitizing and de-noising of 78-rpm record, and with the examples from Taiwanese Opera “Dan San Guo Niu Dai Gong”(1-6). As the first Taiwanese Opera records recorded in Taiwan, these shellac 78-rpm records were published on October 6, 1926, by the Japanese record company “Nipponophone”. Since these records were almost from one century ago and had not been well-preserved, they were in a severe condition. In order to reproduce and trace back the music recorded in that time, I am going to use the modern technology to revive the original sound.

This article starts with the background of shellac record " Dan San Guo Niu Dai Gong ", and would be divided into 2 sections: The first section would be the historical background of 78-rpm records, the historical meaning of these records, and the discussion about how phonogram came into Taiwan. The second part would be the introduction of the record " Dan San Guo Niu Dai Gong ", based on an overview of the story and musical analysis of Dan San Guo Niu Dai Gong by transcription.

The sound quality is damaged because these records are not in a good condition. Following the standard procedure of digital archiving in National Taiwan Normal University, which includes carrier cleaning, alignment of reply equipment, digital transfer, monitoring and de-noising with the software SoundBlade and Nuendo, it is able to digitize the shellac records successfully. With the software, the noise can be filtered down gradually and the original sound would be reproduced as much as possible. By the means of illustrations and explanations, this article enables the readers to know more about the process of optimization.

The study is based on practical experience with standard procedure of digitizing and de-noising, in order to provide a guideline and to show the value and application of digital archiving for researchers in music, technology, and restoration.