焦點解決團體諮商對未婚成年女性愛情分手失落調適之輔導效果
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2014
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本研究旨在探討焦點解決團體諮商對未婚成年女性愛情分手失落調適之輔導效果。研究目的包括：（1）瞭解焦點解決團體諮商對未婚成年女性愛情分手調適的輔導效果；（2）探討參與焦點解決團體諮商成員在不同團體階段面對愛情分手的主觀調適情況；以及（3）探討焦點解決團體諮商對未婚成年女性面對愛情分手調適的影響層面。本研究採「單組前後測與追蹤測」前實驗設計，同時蒐集量化與質性資料，形成嵌入式設計的混合方法設計。共邀請六位未婚成年分手女性參與每次兩小時、為期八次的研究團體，分別於團體前、團體後以及團體後四週接受半結構式個別訪談以及填寫「分手後復原與成長量表」，並在各次團體後填寫當次團體回饋表。量化資料以無母數統計之Wilcoxon配對組符號等級檢定與描述統計進行考驗與分析；質性資料則以主題分析法進行歸納與分析。
研究結果共有四個部分：（1）焦點解決團體諮商提升分手調適之成效：團體成員在「分手後復原與成長量表」的前-後測與前-追蹤測的提升達統計上的顯著水準。就各分量表來看，「愉悅」、「心流」與「希望」分量表之立即與追蹤輔導效果的提升皆達顯著差異，而「樂觀」與「個人成長」分量表僅在追蹤輔導效果的提升達顯著差異；（2）團體成員參與各次團體之回饋：分別呈現成員分手調適能力與信心之程度變化、達到各次團體預期目標的程度，以及於各次團體的主觀感受與收穫；（3）團體成員在不同團體階段面對分手之主觀調適結果：分別呈現團體前、團體後以及追蹤階段面對分手主觀調適結果的不同向度，包含：對分手的態度、分手所造成的衝擊、對分手關係的態度、對前男友的態度、因應分手的作法、對人際資源的態度、人我關係的狀態與影響、對未來感情的態度、目前的感情狀態與態度、對自身狀態的評估、參加團體的期待、主觀覺知的改變與成長、分手帶來的助益等；以及（4）焦點解決團體諮商對分手調適的影響層面：包括安全、信任與支持的環境、感同身受的共鳴感、覺察與接納情緒、觀察學習、人際學習、正向激勵、具體目標、看見進展與轉變、賦能以及增進自我覺察共十個向度。
研究討論則分為以下三個部分：
一、不同團體階段分手調適狀態及其意義：
1. 「團體前」有以下五點發現：（1）無法單就分手決定權來推斷分手者的態度與適應程度；（2）分手者在進入團體前已具備改變動力與因應方法；（3）自分手者拒絕既有人際資源的態度看見諮商輔導的重要性；（4）看見分手者同時擁有正/負面態度，並存著悲傷與療癒狀態；以及（5）分手者相似的態度與目標背後蘊藏著極大的個別差異。
2. 「團體後」有以下六點發現：（1）復原可經由投入當前生活而感到愉快，不必然得對過去感到釋懷；（2）與前男友拉出心理距離，形成得以檢視、感受與溝通的重要空間；（3）對分手調適歷程的覺察與理解，能帶出接受與重新建構的契機；（4）自單向承接轉為主動投入與雙向互動的人我關係；（5）看見自身轉變、能力與方法皆能帶出後續進展的滾雪球效應；以及（6）經驗到自我的轉變會帶出想進一步變得更好的渴望。
3. 「追蹤階段」則可看出以下四點：（1）自當事人的分手失落經驗出發，將使改變更具持久效益；（2）分手者在個人成長向度上的進展需要時間來累積；（3）成員接納情緒感受的內涵依各自狀態而有其獨特性；以及（4）成員在不同面向的轉變皆展現出對自身的關注與看重。
二、分手調適改變經驗之綜合討論：包括（1）寬恕與感激並非每位分手者在邁向復原與成長的必經過程；（2）分手對自我概念帶來衝擊，同時也帶來自我改變的契機；（3）成員在團體前、團體後以及追蹤等不同階段對自己的檢視具有不同的意義；（4）透過生活各面向的轉變亦有助於成員接受分手的事實；（5）分手失落帶來改變契機，改變目標會隨團體階段不同而所調整；以及（6）成員於各方面的成長隨著時間的拉長轉為更加細緻與個別化。
三、焦點解決團體諮商經驗對分手調適之幫助：討論本研究團體對成員分手調適的影響與幫助和Sharry（2007）提出的療效因子的關連，主要包括團體支持、團體學習、團體樂觀以及團體賦能，雖未明顯呈現有機會幫助他人，但多了增進自我覺察此一影響。
This study aimed to probe into the counseling effects of solution-focused group counseling regarding break-up adjustment of unmarried adult females. The research purposes were as follows: (1) to recognize immediate and follow-up counseling effects of solution-focused group counseling on break-up adjustment; (2) to probe into subjective adjustment to break-up of participants in solution-focused group counseling at different group stages; (3) to explore effect of solution-focused group counseling on unmarried adult females’ break-up adjustment. This study adopted pre-experimental design of “one-group pretest, posttest, and follow-up test”, and collected quantitative and qualitative data that resulted in mixed method studies of embedded design. Six unmarried adult break-up females were invited to participate in the group (two hours each time, with a total of eight times). Before group, after group, and four weeks after group, they received individual interviews of semi-structured questions, filled in “the Resilience and Personal Growth Inventory”, and completed the feedback after each sub-group. Quantitative data were tested and analyzed by Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank Test of Non-parametric Statistics and descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were generalized and analyzed by Thematic Analysis. The results of the research included four parts: 1. Regarding “the Resilience and Personal Growth Inventory”, statistically significant differences were found on change scores between the post-test and the pretest, as well as between the follow-up test and the pretest. However, the “pleasure”, “flow”, and “hope” subscales showed immediate and follow-up effects, whereas the “optimism” and “personal growth” subscales showed only follow-up effects. 2. Feedback of group members participating in sub-groups showed a change of the members’ break-up adjustment capacity and confidence, accomplishment of expected goals in sub-groups and subjective feelings and acquisition in sub-groups. 3. It separately showed members’ subjective adjustment of break-up at different stages including before group, after group, and four weeks after group 4. The influential factors of solution-focused group counseling on break-up adjustment included safe, reliable, and supportive environment, sympathy, awareness, and acceptance of emotion, recognition of resources and methods, empowerment, positive encouragement and specific goals, recognition of progress and change, enhancement of self-awareness, observation learning, and interpersonal learning. According to the results, research discussed the significance of group members’ break-up adjustment at different group stages, group members’ change experience of break-up adjustment, and effect of solution focused group counseling on break-up adjustment. Finally, this study proposed suggestions for counseling workers, group projects of break-up adjustment, and future research direction.
This study aimed to probe into the counseling effects of solution-focused group counseling regarding break-up adjustment of unmarried adult females. The research purposes were as follows: (1) to recognize immediate and follow-up counseling effects of solution-focused group counseling on break-up adjustment; (2) to probe into subjective adjustment to break-up of participants in solution-focused group counseling at different group stages; (3) to explore effect of solution-focused group counseling on unmarried adult females’ break-up adjustment. This study adopted pre-experimental design of “one-group pretest, posttest, and follow-up test”, and collected quantitative and qualitative data that resulted in mixed method studies of embedded design. Six unmarried adult break-up females were invited to participate in the group (two hours each time, with a total of eight times). Before group, after group, and four weeks after group, they received individual interviews of semi-structured questions, filled in “the Resilience and Personal Growth Inventory”, and completed the feedback after each sub-group. Quantitative data were tested and analyzed by Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank Test of Non-parametric Statistics and descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were generalized and analyzed by Thematic Analysis. The results of the research included four parts: 1. Regarding “the Resilience and Personal Growth Inventory”, statistically significant differences were found on change scores between the post-test and the pretest, as well as between the follow-up test and the pretest. However, the “pleasure”, “flow”, and “hope” subscales showed immediate and follow-up effects, whereas the “optimism” and “personal growth” subscales showed only follow-up effects. 2. Feedback of group members participating in sub-groups showed a change of the members’ break-up adjustment capacity and confidence, accomplishment of expected goals in sub-groups and subjective feelings and acquisition in sub-groups. 3. It separately showed members’ subjective adjustment of break-up at different stages including before group, after group, and four weeks after group 4. The influential factors of solution-focused group counseling on break-up adjustment included safe, reliable, and supportive environment, sympathy, awareness, and acceptance of emotion, recognition of resources and methods, empowerment, positive encouragement and specific goals, recognition of progress and change, enhancement of self-awareness, observation learning, and interpersonal learning. According to the results, research discussed the significance of group members’ break-up adjustment at different group stages, group members’ change experience of break-up adjustment, and effect of solution focused group counseling on break-up adjustment. Finally, this study proposed suggestions for counseling workers, group projects of break-up adjustment, and future research direction.
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未婚成年女性, 分手調適, 焦點解決團體諮商, Unmarried adult females, Break-up adjustment, Solution-focused group counseling