石黑一雄小說中全球化時代下的後帝國身份
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2009
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本文探討石黑一雄小說中後帝國身分的生成與轉化。伴隨著二戰後大英帝國的解體，後帝國身分的建構與殖民、後殖民和全球化的演變歷程有著密不可分的關係。本文的中心論點是石黑一雄小說的互為文本性揭示了殖民與後殖民歷史與當代全球化的演進互為表裡，並尋求後殖民論述與全球化論述對話的可能性。本論文分成五個章節。在第一章，我將討論石黑一雄所論述的後帝國身分如何呼應後殖民歷史到全球化時代的過渡，並揭示後帝國身分在不同的歷史脈絡和時空背景下會有不同的論述呈現。接著我會討論全球化論述刻意與後殖民論述斷代的危險性。在第二章，我將討論《長日將盡》中英國的身份認同危機與後殖民情境的微妙關係。英國性在帝國瓦解後歷經了身分建構上的混淆，而選擇了擁抱英國傳統的極度內縮與排他性，但終將不敵殖民歷史與文化的滲透及以美國為首的資本主義的介入。在第三章，我將討論《我輩孤雛》中鴉片貿易與帝國主義戰爭做為當代全球化不均衡發展的寓言。接著，我將引用列斐伏爾（Henri Lefebvre）的空間論述來探討跨國身分與資本主義空間生產的辯證關係，並揭示石黑一雄對資本主義經濟的批判。在第四章，我將檢視《別讓我走》中複製人的生存困境如何與哈特與內格里（Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri）的「帝國」概念遙相呼應。石黑一雄不僅批判當代生化科技的濫用，亦同時抨擊了全球化時代下資本主義的過度發展。接著，我將探討「諸眾」做為反帝國的身份主體的能動性與缺憾。在第五章，我總結全篇論文的觀點：不同於全球化論述認為後殖民論述在當代已缺乏論述基礎，全球資本對於勞力的壓榨雖不同於帝國武力侵略，但對於殖民與帝國歷史的關照在探討全球化時代下的後帝國身分仍有其必要性與迫切性。
This thesis investigates Kazuo Ishiguro’s conception of postimperial identity by deploying the theories of postcolonialism and globalization. I will look into the intertextuality between Ishiguro’s works to examine the possibilities of the interconnection between postcolonial and globalization studies. In Chapter One, I will explore Ishiguro’s conception of postimperial identity, which, I would argue, illustrates the formation and reformation of postimperial identity in response to the transition from postcoloniality to globalization. In Chapter Two, I will examine the postcolonial ambivalent identity as is presented in The Remains of the Day, which reveals the utter exclusiveness and constructedness of Englishness, and I will also delineate the articulation of the English identity in the postcolonial condition. In Chapter Three, I will read When We Were Orphans as a parable of the uneven development of globalization in the current neoliberal economic arrangements. The issue of transnational identity addressed in the novel is built upon the infrastructure of capitalism, and Ishiguro uses history and geography in a metaphorical way in order to mount an indictment on modern capitalism. In Chapter Four, I will investigate the identity constitution of the multitude in Never Let Me Go under the dominance of global power. Ishiguro uses the human clones to portray the dire existential suffocation under the contemporary development of globalization. My parallel reading of this novel with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s idea of Empire will suggest Ishiguro’s pessimistic portrait of the exploitation of the human clones exerted by the Empire. In Chapter Five, I come to the conclusion that the examination of the intertextuality of Ishiguro’s novels is exemplary in addressing the theoretical links between postcolonialism and theories of globalization. Global capitalism does not necessarily exert the same paradigm of rule as earlier imperialism did with violence, arm forces, military oppression. Yet what can be detected in Ishiguro’s works is a call for due regard to the imperial history when we reflect upon the current phenomenon of globalization.
This thesis investigates Kazuo Ishiguro’s conception of postimperial identity by deploying the theories of postcolonialism and globalization. I will look into the intertextuality between Ishiguro’s works to examine the possibilities of the interconnection between postcolonial and globalization studies. In Chapter One, I will explore Ishiguro’s conception of postimperial identity, which, I would argue, illustrates the formation and reformation of postimperial identity in response to the transition from postcoloniality to globalization. In Chapter Two, I will examine the postcolonial ambivalent identity as is presented in The Remains of the Day, which reveals the utter exclusiveness and constructedness of Englishness, and I will also delineate the articulation of the English identity in the postcolonial condition. In Chapter Three, I will read When We Were Orphans as a parable of the uneven development of globalization in the current neoliberal economic arrangements. The issue of transnational identity addressed in the novel is built upon the infrastructure of capitalism, and Ishiguro uses history and geography in a metaphorical way in order to mount an indictment on modern capitalism. In Chapter Four, I will investigate the identity constitution of the multitude in Never Let Me Go under the dominance of global power. Ishiguro uses the human clones to portray the dire existential suffocation under the contemporary development of globalization. My parallel reading of this novel with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s idea of Empire will suggest Ishiguro’s pessimistic portrait of the exploitation of the human clones exerted by the Empire. In Chapter Five, I come to the conclusion that the examination of the intertextuality of Ishiguro’s novels is exemplary in addressing the theoretical links between postcolonialism and theories of globalization. Global capitalism does not necessarily exert the same paradigm of rule as earlier imperialism did with violence, arm forces, military oppression. Yet what can be detected in Ishiguro’s works is a call for due regard to the imperial history when we reflect upon the current phenomenon of globalization.
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後帝國身份, 全球化, 石黑一雄, postimperial identity, globalization, Kazuo Ishiguro