夥伴或戀人:論《新世紀福爾摩斯》中的酷兒
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2017
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傳統的主流好萊塢電影多半隱含推崇男性氣概和異性戀霸權的影射，然而近代電影探討了其他的可能性: 如同性情誼 (homosociality) 和同性情慾(homoeroticism) 的連結性。過去福爾摩斯的影視作品大多呈現了傳統男性特質和父權價值觀，然而近代改編還呈現了同志酷兒的可能性。本論文聚焦於近代的福爾摩斯改編影視作品，主要探討BBC《新世紀福爾摩斯》中的兩位主角: 偵探夏洛克·福爾摩斯和他的助手約翰·華生之間的男性情誼。兩位主角所展現的同性情誼不同於傳統影視類的朋友情誼，而是有進一步成為同性情侶的僭越性，因此本文旨在探討這兩位主角在影視作品中的酷兒可能性。透過分析影視作品上的傳統男性形象和男性特質，本論文歸結出男性同性社會性中是可能存在同性慾望，兩者不是獨立且無關聯性的。
本論文分為三個章節。第一章闡述傳統電影中所呈現的男性特質與男性社會性，並介紹因此所衍生的性別/性認同問題。本章接續援引伊娃·可索夫斯基·賽菊寇的男性同性社會性慾望為理論架構，來理解不同時代變遷的同性社會性和同性慾望是具有連結性的。第二章開始探討螢幕中的刻板男性特質與同志形象，並審視近代福爾摩斯改編影視中這些刻板影像如何種變成新的酷兒符號，並擺脫過去負面罪惡的形象成為一種新時代性別的象徵。第三章接續探究《新世紀福爾摩斯》中福爾摩斯與華生所代表的不同男性特質，與他們之間所衍生出的碰撞與改變。最終兩位所展現出的男性同性情誼也許將昇華為具有酷異性的男性情慾。最後，本文歸結出經由展現男性同性社會性與男性同性慾望的連結性，性別/性是具有流動性的，而非單純被異性戀霸權與父系社會所定義的性別/性所綁縛。
The importance of masculinity and heterosexual hegemony has always been well received in traditional Hollywood cinema, but contemporary cinema has expanded in a new direction. Nowadays, the emphasis of same-sex friendship and affections is also important in films. The present thesis explores the interaction and relationship between Sherlock Holmes and John Watson in resent cinema adaptations. Intrigued by the on-screen chemistry between two male characters, this thesis examine the queer implications in these works. Through analyzing the traditional masculine image and masculinity onscreen, this thesis examines the male bonding is suggestive of male homoeroticism in certain aspects. This thesis contains three chapters. In the first chapter, masculinity and male bonding in contemporary cinema are introduced along with the controversy of gender and sexuality in gender research. In what follows, the theories of homosocial desire by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick is applied to discuss the continuum of homosociality and homosexuality. Chapter two focus on the gay images of characters in traditional cinema and how BBC’s television series Sherlock and the Sherlock Holmes film series transform these stereotypes into a new form of queer images. The third chapter discuss the different masculinities of the main protagonists and how they form a strong male bond through it. Through the demonstration of their male bonding, Holmes and Watson has transgress the original patriarchal presentation, extending to a queer embodiment. Finally, I conclude that recent cinematic works present a queer potentiality through the male homosociality demonstrated onscreen. And gender/sex should be flexible and changeable and should not be confined by patriarchal values and heterosexual hegemony.
The importance of masculinity and heterosexual hegemony has always been well received in traditional Hollywood cinema, but contemporary cinema has expanded in a new direction. Nowadays, the emphasis of same-sex friendship and affections is also important in films. The present thesis explores the interaction and relationship between Sherlock Holmes and John Watson in resent cinema adaptations. Intrigued by the on-screen chemistry between two male characters, this thesis examine the queer implications in these works. Through analyzing the traditional masculine image and masculinity onscreen, this thesis examines the male bonding is suggestive of male homoeroticism in certain aspects. This thesis contains three chapters. In the first chapter, masculinity and male bonding in contemporary cinema are introduced along with the controversy of gender and sexuality in gender research. In what follows, the theories of homosocial desire by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick is applied to discuss the continuum of homosociality and homosexuality. Chapter two focus on the gay images of characters in traditional cinema and how BBC’s television series Sherlock and the Sherlock Holmes film series transform these stereotypes into a new form of queer images. The third chapter discuss the different masculinities of the main protagonists and how they form a strong male bond through it. Through the demonstration of their male bonding, Holmes and Watson has transgress the original patriarchal presentation, extending to a queer embodiment. Finally, I conclude that recent cinematic works present a queer potentiality through the male homosociality demonstrated onscreen. And gender/sex should be flexible and changeable and should not be confined by patriarchal values and heterosexual hegemony.
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性別認同, 性慾認同, 男性特質, 酷兒, 同性社會性, 福爾摩斯, 新世紀福爾摩斯, Gender identity, Sexual identity, Masculinity, Queer, Homosociality, Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock