野外獨處課程自我覺察經驗之敘說探究

Abstract

本研究目的在探討野外獨處課程中參與者的自我覺察經驗、脈絡，以及此經驗所帶來的意義與影響。研究方法採敘說探究，以立意取樣選取兩名參加台師大公領所「獨處與反思研究」之野外獨處課程的參與者，利用半結構式訪談大綱進行深度訪談，輔以參與者獨處紀錄與研究者觀察紀錄表，蒐集其四天三夜的野外獨處之自我覺察經驗、當下情境和相關生命故事，以及課程結束半年期間對個人的意義與影響。以「整體–內容」的方式進行文本分析，撰寫出研究參與者的野外獨處自我覺察經驗故事，並進行主題詮釋和整體詮釋，最後整合兩位研究參與者的經驗與過去研究做綜合討論。 經驗部分，得出的自我覺察內涵有與重要他人的關係、被排斥或疏離的某些真實自我、自我貶抑的信念、對自我價值的態度、與上帝的關係五項；自我覺察的發展進程則分成途徑與風格、層次、時間特徵三個層面做討論。脈絡部分，生命脈絡有相關生命經驗、個人接受性、事前的預期、過往的學習內容四項；情境脈絡有金句、隱喻、靈性經驗、大自然的包容性與「是」的存在情態、與世隔絕、隱密性、無聊、無助處境、自由書寫等九項。意義與影響的部分，共有對自己更忠實、客觀平衡的自我評價、更肯定自信地表達自己、採取行動改善問題現況、信仰上的成長五項，並進一步討論野外獨處經驗的潛在療癒性。最後提出實務工作與未來研究層面之建議。

This study is to explore (1)the self-awareness experience, (2)contexts related to the experience, and (3)the meanings and influences in the 4 day wilderness solo program. Based on the narrative research method, this study was taken with purposely sampling and semi-structured in-depth interview. The participants in this study were 2 students who took the course “Solo and Life Reflection” in Department of Civic and Leadership in NTNU. The narrative materials were analyzed with “holistic-content” approach. The results were shown with wilderness solo self-awareness stories, thematic interpretation, holistic interpretation, and comprehensive discussion. Firstly, the contents of self-awareness during wilderness solo include relationship with important others, some part of self that is excluded or alienated, self-deprecating beliefs, attitudes toward self-worth, and relationship with God. The processing of self-awareness experience is discussed in three aspects: paths and styles, levels, and time characteristics. Secondly, life contexts relevant indclude life experiences, receptivity, expectations, and past learning content. The field contexts indclude nine factors: golden sentences, metaphors, spiritual experiences, Nature's inclusiveness and being mode, isolation, concealment, boring, helpless situation, free writing. Finally, five meanings and influences are as follow: being faithful to self, balanced self-evaluation, being confident in expressing self, taking action to improve the status of problems, and growth in religious faith. And then, researcher mention the healing potential of the wilderness solo experience. In the end, further academic and practical suggestions are discussed.