戶外教育效益機轉模式之應用研究－以臺北縣某國民中學隔宿露營為例

Abstract

摘 要

本研究目的旨在探討戶外教育效益機轉模式是否適合應用在國民中學隔宿露營活動。先以文獻分析法討論戶外教育效益機轉相關理論，其次在實證研究上，以吳崇旗（2006）發展之「建構戶外冒險教育效益機轉模式量表」為研究工具，經原作者同意後修改量表以符合本研究之研究目的。在量表預試，以項目分析、探索性因素分析、信度考驗，建構具良好信、效度之學前準備、活動歷程、體驗特性與活動效益等4個量表。完成量表修訂後，進行正式量表施測。研究者以問卷調查法瞭解臺北縣某國民中學學生在隔宿露營在活動歷程、體驗特性與活動效益的影響。選定於97學年度第二學期臺北縣立某國中二年級學生參與隔宿露營者為研究對象。問卷共發出851份，回收828份，有效問卷762份。所得資料以SPSS 12.0中文版進行統計分析，使用描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析法、相關性分析法與多元同時迴歸法等統計方法進行分析。本研究主要發現如下： 一、不同性別之國中生其學前準備、活動歷程、體驗特性與活動效益有差異。 二、不同學前準備之國中生其活動歷程、體驗特性與活動效益有差異。 三、學前準備、活動歷程、體驗特性與各活動效益間呈顯著中、低度正相關。 四、學前準備、活動歷程、體驗特性中之「立即結果」對整體活動效益有最大解釋力。其他呈現顯著因素依序為：「相互支持」、「改變意願」、「能力精熟」、「鼓勵冒險」、「反思內省」、「引導歷程」。 本研究依據研究結論，提出對戶外教育效益機轉模式理論應用、實務應用與後續研究之建議，以作為提升隔宿露營活動效益之參考。 關鍵詞：戶外教育、效益機轉、國中生、隔宿露營Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the model of outdoor education mechanisms for benefits were suitable for junior high school overnight camporees or not. First, this research adopted literature analysis to probe into the representative position of outdoor education mechanisms for benefits. Second, on the empirical studies, the research tool was revised from Chong-Chi Wu’s “scales of constructing outdoor education mechanisms for benefits”. Another, the pre-test scales were analyzed by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability. Thus the four scales include pre-study preparation, activity progress, experience property and activity benefit with validation. The research was based on the method of questionnaire survey to realize the influence of activity progress, experience property and activity benefit. This research employs the 8th grade students who joined the overnight camporee in 2009 in one of the junior high schools in Taipei to carry out a survey. Totally 851 questionnaires were distributed, 828 were gathered and valid questionnaires amounted to 762. The data was examined through SPSS 12.0 using methods of descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation method and multiple regression analysis.

The major findings of this study were as follows: 1.Different sexual junior high school students had the significant difference on the factors of “pre-study preparation, activity progress, experience property and activity benefit.” 2.Junior high school students with different pre-study preparation had the diversity on the factors of “ activity progress”,“experience property” and “activity benefit”. 3.Activity benefits presented mid and low correlation on pre-study preparation, activity progress and experience property. 4.All activity benefits could explain the most variances in pre-study preparation, activity progress, the immediately effects of experience property. Other noticeable factors were as the followings: providing supports, volition changes, mastery competence, encouraging adventures, introspection and leading process. In conclusion, this research provided some suggestions about the theories, practical application and following study to outdoor education mechanisms for benefits model. The result could be as a reference for raising the benefits about the overnight camporee.

Keyword: Outdoor Education, Mechanisms for Benefits, Junior High School Overnight Camporee