標靶照明度對射擊表現與學習之影響

Abstract

射擊是一種閉鎖性運動技能，強調準確性與穩定性，在訓練過程中，環境照明度是環境變項之一，有待探討的問題，照明度是否會影響射擊的表現與學習？本研究旨在探討三種不同標靶照明度對射擊表現與射擊學習之影響。本研究以未曽接受射擊訓練成年人30名為研究對象，隨機分派到：(一)低標靶照明組：標靶照明度為1勒克斯，(二)高標靶照明組：標靶照明度為650勒克斯，或(三)中標靶照明組：標靶照明度為450勒克斯。每位實驗參與者均接受用槍基本教育後，試射15發以做為均質性考驗，各組依實驗先照條件進行50發子彈射擊，射擊距離為10公尺，每次射擊10發之後，提供得分回饋訊息，並給予2分鐘休息時間；二十四小時後再進行保留測驗共計15發，所得資料以獨立樣本單因子變異數分析及LSD事後比較法，檢核獲得期與保留測驗的絶對誤差值之組間差異，本研究自變項為光照度，依變項為準確度。本研究發現(一)進行十公尺空氣手槍射擊時，低照度介入之標靶射擊，在動作的準確性，無助於射擊動作表現；(二)在24小時後，在動作學習保留測驗暨遷移測驗中，低標靶照明組在動作的準確性，有助於射擊動作學習。從本研究得知低標靶照明介入對射擊動作表現没影響，對動作學習則有影響。Shooting is known as one of closed-skill sports, which emphasizes on the accuracy and stability. Within the process of training, the illumination level of the environment is one of the environment variables. Therefore, it is worth probing into the question of whether illumination level would influence the performance and learning of shooting or not.The parpose this study was to explore effects of three different target illumination levels on shooting performance and learning. Thirty were 30 participants, who never accept any training on shooting, were recruited to take part in this research, and randomly assigned into three different groups: (A) Low target lighting level,(1Lux); (B) High target lighting level, which the level (650Lux ); (C) Medium target lighting level, which the level (450 Lux). Each participant was received basic training on gun using prior to the 15 bullets of shooting trial as test of homogeneity. Each group then shot based on the distinct light level. The shooting distance was 10 meters. Participants received feedback on their performance after firing 10 times, and took a two-minute break., Retention test was held 24 hours later with 15 shoots, and the collected data could be analyzed by methods of one-way Analysis of Variance and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference, so that to examine the gained difference between the acquisition phase and retention phase. The independent variable of this research is the lighting level, whilst the dependent variable is the accuracy.It was discovered that, as the low lighting level group shooting in the acquisition phase, the accuracy of shooting posture is not correlate with the performance of shooting, whilst the low lighting group shooting in the retention phase, the accuracy of shooting posture is correlate with the learning of shooting. Therefore, low target lighting level would not influence on the performance of shooting, whereas which indeed affect learning of shooting.