張其昀之教育思想與實踐

Abstract

校所名稱：國立台灣師範大學政治學研究所 論文題目：張其昀之教育思想與實踐 畢業時間：2006年（九十四學年度第二學期碩士學位論文摘要） 研究生姓名：李俊霖 指導教授：黃城 博士 論文摘要： 在現今教育政策如此搖擺不定之下，時代的改變，反應出人文的素養，似乎也在層層下降。所謂「萬般皆下品，唯有讀書高」的社會需求，卻反應在國家發展與培育良好人才的競爭力之中，故「升學主義」再度困擾著這個時代的青年們；在教育品質無法提升，質與量的需求不能平衡的社會中，回溯到在教育上有其貢獻的張其昀先生，去了解張其昀是如何推動教育春風化雨建樹多的為學與治事。 張其昀是個史地、文學家，對政治與教育總有著不同的見解與思維，尤其在大陸淪陷、反共復國的背景中，能得到蔣介石的青睞，除了來台擔任黨務和行政工作外，也開始展現出對教育的貢獻。故本論文主要是著重於了解張其昀之教育思想與實踐之研究，尤其在擔任教育部長四年期間，如何使台灣的教育，從一片荒涼的沙漠，轉變成生氣蓬勃的綠洲；在大家對張其昀有著「公私不分」、「好大喜功」的批評與指責時，非出生教育家的張其昀，是如何發揮對教育的有恆精神，讓台灣的教育種子，可以深耕並著於大樹。 本論文的研究架構，偏重在下列幾個層面： 一、張其昀以孫中山思想為其救國的教育─張其昀一生以提倡教育、復興中國文化，弘揚三民主義於世界為己任，對一切皆奉行於孫中山先生，故其張其昀的教育思想，是以三民主義為其基礎，去從事於有關教育救國的要務。 二、張其昀教育思想淵源的基礎─張其昀教育思想深受多位恩師的影響，故本研究分析張其昀在學術、哲學、史地、文學、宗教、美學方面，處處均充滿了「救國不忘讀書，讀書不忘救國」的表現。 三、張其昀對各種教育觀的看法─張其昀在所處的社會背景、人才需求的國家時代中，對教育曾提出了國民、大學、青年、社會、科學、藝術教育觀等見解，是希望藉由各種論述，加以提出對台灣教育的解決之道，以增進人民受教育之意義。 四、張其昀教育思想在黨政任職的實踐─1949年6月是張其昀渡海來台，真正參與黨政要職的開始，故本階段著重於張其昀任職教育部長中，所做的教育實踐工作，如「新竹免試的舉辦」以遏止升學主義破壞、「南海學園的設立」以重建台灣的社會教育、「大專院校的發展」以提升高等教育等等，這些都是在黨政任職的重要實踐。 五、張其昀教育思想在華岡興學的實踐─中國文化大學的創設，是張其昀在教育貢獻上一個最大的教育結晶，也是三民主義發揮其教育思想的最高表現。其創校最主要是建立一所發揚中國文化為主旨的完整大學；以弘揚中國藝術與三民主義為主旨的研究機構；倡導音樂、美術、戲劇、體育(含舞蹈)及大眾藝術等學科為宗旨，以其開展中國文藝之復興。 總之，本研究試圖在張其昀之教育思想與實踐中，分析三民主義教育、教育的思想理論、教育的具體做法等，做為今後我國教育上之主要貢獻。

【關鍵字】張其昀、文化大學、三民主義教育National Taiwan Normal University Graduate Institute of Political Science Title of Thesis：Chang gi-yun’s Education thought and Practice Student：Lee,Jun-Ling Advisor：Huang,Chen Ph.D. Abstract： Under the circumstances that the policy for education now plays so pendulously, the changes of the times, reflect humane accomplishment, seem to be dropping ring upon ring too. So-called social demand on ' to be a scholar is to be the top of society', react in country developing and cultivating good competitiveness of talent, is it perplex the youths of era once again to enter a higher school doctrine; It is unable to improve in educational quality , in the society that the demands of quality and quantity can't be balanced, date back to Mr. Change Gi-yun’s contribution on education to understand how he promote educational salutary influence of education achievement large one in order to learn and manage the thing to go. Mr. Change Gi-yun is a history ground, writer, always there are different opinion and thinking on politics and education, especially occupied at the continent, anti-communism is replied in the background of the country, can be favored by Chiang Kai-shek, besides coming to Taiwan to hold party affairs and administration work , begin to show the contribution to education too. So a thesis mainly focuses on understanding a education thought of Mr. Change Gi-yun and research of practice, especially during serving as Minister of Ministry of Education for four years, OK to make the education of Taiwan, from a bleak desert, change into a vigorous oasis; When everybody criticize Mr. Change Gi-yun ' not make a clear distinction between public and private interests ', ' flamboyant criticism and criticism ', not born in the educationist's , how to express the persevering spirit to education, let education seed of Taiwan, may deep plough and on the big tree. The research structure of this thesis, lay particular stress on the following several aspects: First, Mr. Change Gi-yun regards Dr. Sun Yat-sen's thought as its education saving the nation- he spend all his life to recommend the culture of the language in education, rejuvenation, his duty in the world is to carry forward the Three People's Principles, all follow to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, so the education thought of Mr. Change Gi-yun, regard the Three People's Principles as its foundation , go and is engaged in educating the important task of saving the nation relevantly. Second, a foundation of educational thought origin of Mr. Change Gi-yun - his educational thought was affected by many kind teachers deeply , so we study and analyze his thought in academy , philosophy, history ground, literature, religion, aesthetic respect, full of more behavior on' is it forget reading to save the nation , study and does not forget to save the nation' everywhere. Third, Mr. Chang Gi-yun’s various kinds of educational view- among social background, national era of demand for talent that he proposed the opinions, such as people, university, youth, society, science, educational view of art, etc. he hope that with various kinds of argumentation to propose the solution to education ofTaiwan, in order to promote the meaning that the people were educated. Fourth, Mr. Change Gi-yun’s educational thought in practice when he held party affairs- in June 1949, it’s the time he really participated in the beginning of the important post of the party and government. At this stage, we focus on his educational practice work when he hold a post among Minister of Ministry of Education this stage, such as ' run-up that Hsinchu exempt from examination ' to stop destroying entering a higher school doctrine, ' the establishment of the study column of the South China Sea ', in order to rebuild social education , ' the development of the universities and colleges ' of Taiwan in order to improve higher education etc., all these are the important practice of holding a post in the party and government. Fifth, Mr. Chang Gi-yun educational thought in practice at Hwa-Kang university-setting up Culture University is one of his most heavy education crystallization on education contribution, it is the Three People's Principles that play to their education thought display at most too. The main purport of setting up complete university is to develop Chinese culture; Research institution taking carrying forward Chinese art and the Three People's Principles as purport ; It is aims to advocate disciplines , such as music , fine arts , drama , sports (including the dance ) and democratic art ,etc., with its rejuvenation of Chinese skill while launching. In a word, this research attempts to analyze thought theory, education concrete method that the Three People's Principles educates, educates, etc. in a education thought and practice of Mr. Change Gi-yun, do it for the main contribution on the education of our country in the future.

【Keywords】Chang-gi yun ,Culture University,Three People’s Principles educates