針對泰籍之中高級華語學習者的觀光華語導遊教學網站設計研究

Abstract

觀光產業是本世紀產業之星，世界各國莫不戮力於觀光產業的發展。泰國是亞洲最早發展觀光產業的國家之一，經過連續推出大型的國際行銷活動與近年來所推廣的醫療觀光（Medical Tourism Cluster）受到高度重視與收到實際效果。隨著中國大陸、台灣的經濟成長，近年訪泰的旅遊者及華語人士旅遊者急速增加，使得泰國華語導遊人才嚴重缺乏。因此，需要培訓專業觀光華語導遊，以為解決其供不應求的現象。 本研究以教學系統設計（ISD）理念Dick& Carey（1990）為本論文研究過程的依據，將發展出適合泰籍之中高級華語學習者的觀光華語導遊教學網站，目標為提升學習者在觀光華語導遊方面的專業語言技能。本研究的過程分為：分析學習者的需求、搜集整理相關文獻資料、進行相關教學與教材資源評估、界定教學內容、網頁設計的規劃及範疇、製作網站範例等主要階段，隨後則進行評鑑與修正。本研究之受訪對象計有69位學習者來自泰國四所國立大學的學生、10位泰國華語教師及3位泰籍華語導遊。從問卷調查及訪談中發現，觀光華語導遊教材的數量在市面上相當缺乏。大多數學習者認為多媒體教材最有助於學習效果。本網站之教學內容包含：「導遊實務」、「觀光華語導遊課文」及「華語觀光景點」，其課文共分為十個單元，每一單元均以六個教學步驟為固定學習流程來呈現。 經過形成性評估及修正階段。最後，透過37位學習者以及6位泰國教師進行使用者使用網站之滿意度評鑑。研究結果顯示，學習者與教師對網站的各種設計給予很高的評分，媒體之應用為本網站應加強之處。學習者滿意度評鑑整體總平均為4.066分、教師滿意度評鑑整體總平均為4.179分；問卷調查結果，表示本網站各方面的設計符合學習者的需求。Travel is one of the fastest growing industries of this century. Among the world's countries, there are none which have not made significant efforts to develop their travel industries. Among the Asian nations, Thailand is one of the earliest in this trend, with its constant promotion of large-scale international sales as well as its Medical Tourism Cluster. This Cluster has received a high level of emphasis in recent years, with substantial results. Furthermore, commensurate with economic expansion in mainland China and Taiwan, Chinese-speaking travelers visiting Thailand have increased dramatically; and this has resulted in a serious shortage of Chinese-speaking tour guides in Thailand. Thus, in order to solve this problem of supply vs. demand, there is an urgent need to train professional tour guides in the Chinese language. According to the survey International Structure Design (Dick& Carey, 1990), Thai-based learning materials for travel Chinese or insufficient; and the development of web-based materials would best serve the needs of Thai-speaking tour guides with intermediate to advanced Chinese language skills who wish to further improve their proficiency. This study first addresses the stages of analysing the needs of Thai-speaking learners, collecting and organising relevant literature, assessing pedagogical and teaching materials, defining the scope of pedogical content, the planning and categorisation of webpage design, and providing suitable web-based examples. For this study, 69 learners from four different national universities in Thailand were used as subjects; 10 of which were teachers of Mandarin in Thailand, and 3 of which were Thai / Mandarin bilingual tour guides in Thailand. From the results and interviews of this study, it can be observed that learning materials on the market for tourism Chinese are very scarce; and that most learners consider multi-media materials to be the most effective. The learning materials used on this website are divided into 3 units：The Practical Tour Guide, Lessons in Chinese for Tourism, and Essential Points for Chinese Tourism. Lessons in Chinese for Tourism of this study comprises 10 units, each containing six pedagogical steps which form the foundation of the learning process. Finally, for the stages of assessment and correction, 37 learners and 6 Thai teachers who had used the website were given a list of satisfaction criteria. The result was that learners and teachers both gave high appraisal to the many designs involved in the website, and that the practicality of multi-media was a major strength of the website. Learner satisfaction criteria on the whole averaged at 4.066 points, while teacher satisfaction criteria also averaged at 4.179 points. Thus, the results and interviews of the survey indicate that this website design meets the needs of learners in all aspects.