應用六標準差設計改良產品品質—以模擬電動車教具為例

Abstract

當今的路上隨處都可見到電動車或電動機車奔馳，而學術界也迫切需要透過適當的輔助教具來提升學生對電動車的相關知識。本研究針對個案公司 A 機電企業有限公司的教學用模擬電動車作為研究對象。應用六標準差設計的定義、測量、分析、設計與驗證等五階段的流程去建立研究架構，藉由改良模擬電動車的產品品質，協助個案公司提高產品的品質與顧客的滿意度，最終提升教師與學生的教學與學習成效。在定義階段應用 5W1H 掌握了目前公司以及學校的現況，經過測量階段應用腦力激盪法和魚骨圖，得知顧客、技術需求項目。接著分析階段，透過教師與學生的使用狀況應用層級應用分析法深入了解教師與學生對教學用模擬電動車的需求要素，並應用品質機能展開找出技術需求項目的重要性。在設計階段應用田口方法確認最佳技術參數組合以改良產品設計，最後驗證階段應用 t 檢定比較前後改善產品因子的數據是否有所改善。研究結果顯示：由田口方法得知最佳參數組合能有效改善電量維持時間，提高模擬電動車的續航力，並提高學生與老師的滿意度。相關結果可提供 A 機電企業有限公司作為參考，有助於提升教學用模擬電動車之教學效率及降低學習成本。In the world electric vehicles or electric motorcycles can be seen everywhere. There is an urgently need in academia to improve students' knowledge of electric vehicles through appropriate auxiliary teaching aids. This study focuses on the teaching of a simulation electric vehicle by a case company. The five phases of define, measure, analyze, design, and verify of the Design for Six Sigma is applied to create a research framework to improve the quality of the product and customer satisfaction, ultimately improving the effectiveness of teaching and learning for teachers and students. In the define phase, 5W1H is applied to graspthe current situation of the company and the school, and in the measure phase, Brainstorming and Fishbone Diagram are applied to understand the items of customer and technical needs. In the analyze phase, the Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to gain an in-depth understanding of the needs of teachers and students for simulated electric vehicles for teaching through the use status of teachers and students, and the importance of technical demand items is identified using Quality Function Development. In the design phase, the Taguchi method is used to confirm the best combination of technical parameters to improve product design. In the final verify phase, the t test is used to compare whether the data of improved product factors before and after have improved. The research results show that the optimal combination of parameters obtained by the Taguchi method can effectively improve the battery maintenance time, increase the endurance of simulated electric vehicles, and improve the satisfaction of students and teachers. The relevant results can be provided to the case company as a reference, which can help improve the teaching efficiency of simulated electric vehicles for teaching and reduce learning costs.