民眾參與式之公共藝術創作研究-以國防部軍備局二０二兵工廠為例

Abstract

公共藝術最初是西方國家二次世界大戰後為了保障經濟而設立的。「公共藝術」立法於西元1959年成為強制執行的文化藝術政策，因此從1980至1990年代是臺灣公共藝術發展之醞釀及萌芽時期，文化部在2007年設立的公共藝術獎，並於2014年第一屆公共藝術獎項中「民眾參與」獎項被獨立出來，可見「民眾參與」的重要性。本研究採用深度訪談法及文獻分析法，先整理各個場域公共藝術的設置及民眾參與模式，考量不同場域中之適切性，並探討實施於特殊場域之部分是否有適合實施之流程時期，將研究結果導入在國防部軍備局生產製造中心第二０二兵工廠之公共藝術創作，以證實在特殊場域裡實施民眾參與式創作，研究結果也能增加民眾互動性、深入在地化及凝聚民眾團結向心力，產生共鳴感。本研究目的在於：1.分析文化部第1-6屆歷獲獎公共藝術的民眾參與歷程的實施作法，2.藉由深度訪談歸納分析民眾參與的形式，3.建立民眾參與應用於公共藝術製作的參與模式。經過文獻探討發現16案得獎作品自2015年開始臨時性的作品增加所採用民眾參與的模式更多元化，本研究整理出民眾參與分三種參與程度，「深度參與」、「低度參與」、「無參與」，此判斷以「能不能直接在民眾參與過程中改變作品呈現樣貌」為基準。深度訪談也瞭解到民眾參與流程分為四個階段，「前」、「中」、「後」、「永續」，在這四個時期均可將民眾參與介入在其中，進而探討出最恰當的民眾參與模式，藉由藝術家與民眾參與過程將本研究成功模式與建議提供給承辦單位，日後辦理相關民眾參與創作活動供參，讓民眾參與在不同的人文特性下，可發揮出最大效用，讓創作、藝術不再只是藝術家的專屬，而是公共藝術藉由民眾參與，與社會產生共鳴。Public art was originally established in Western countries after World War II to protect the economy."The Ministry of Culture established the Public Art Award in 2007 and the first Public Art Award in 2014, which was a separate award for "public participation", demonstrating the importance of "public participation". This study used in-depth interviews and documentary analysis to compile public art installations and public participation patterns in various venues, consider the appropriateness of different venues, and investigate whether there is a suitable period for implementing the educationalcomponent in special venues. The results of the study will also incorporated into a public art production at The 202nd Arsenal Manufacturing Center of the Directorate of Armaments of the Ministry of Defense to prove that the public artwork was created in a special area, the results of the study will also increase the interactivity of the public, deepen localization, and unite the public to create a sense of solidarity. The purpose of this study is to: 1. analyze the implementation practices of the Ministry of Culture's 1st-6th award-winning public art projects; 2. summarize and analyze the forms of public participation through in-depth interviews; and 3. establish a model of public participation applied to public art production. This study has compiled three levels of public participation, "deep participation," "low participation," and "no participation," which are judged on the basis of "whether or not they can directly change the presentation of the work in the process of public participation. The in-depth interviews also revealed that there are four stages in the public participation process:"before," "during," "after," and "forever," in which public participation can be integrated to explore the most appropriate model of public participation. This will enable public art to resonate with society through public participation.