高夏克鋼琴作品之探究：以《香蕉樹》、《安達魯西亞的回憶》、《班究琴》、《最後的希望》、《對舞》、《美國聯邦》、《大詼諧曲》為例

Abstract

路易斯‧莫羅‧高夏克 (Louis Moreau Gottschalk, 1829-1869) 是十九世紀中期美國浪漫樂派的作曲家、鋼琴家，更重要的是高夏克將美國本土的音樂元素加入作品中，成為美國國民樂派的拓荒者。 高夏克從小生長在新奧爾良，因新奧爾良曾歷經法國與西班牙的殖民統治，並且是當時非洲黑奴的貿易港口，使他從小便接觸到法國、西班牙、非洲等的音樂文化，成為他日後創作樂曲的素材，而高夏克豐富的旅遊經歷，包含法國、瑞士、西班牙、安地列斯群島、南美洲等，使得他的音樂內涵更為豐富與多元。 六個創作分期是依高夏克旅行各地的時間所劃分，本篇論文從六個時期各挑選一至二首代表作品研究，藉由探討各時期的樂曲，期望對於高夏克能有較全面性的認識。 本篇論文第一章概述研究動機與目的、研究範圍與方法以及重要參考文獻評述；第二章概述高夏克的生平，藉由認識高夏克的生長環境、音樂養成背景、旅遊各國的經歷，瞭解其對創作素材的影響，及六個分期之風格特色；第三章為七首樂曲的樂曲分析與彈奏詮釋，介紹其創作背景與手法，並以此為彈奏詮釋的基礎，進行詮釋探討；第四章則針對研究內容提出總結。Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829-1869) was an American composer and pianist of romantic music in the mid-19th century, the most important is that Gottschalk merged American musical elements with his works to become a pioneer in Nationalism in America. Gottschalk was born in New Orleans. He got to come into contact with musical culture of France, Spain, and Africa during his childhood because that New Orleans was under Spanish and French colonial rule, besides, it was a port of African negro slave trade at that time, all of the above were the materials of his creation music. He traveled extensively France, Switzerland, Spain, Antilles, and South America that caused him a great fund of musical contents. Six periods of creations were compartmentalized on the basis of Gottschalk’s traveling place and time. One or two works were selected from the six periods in this study to explore his musical compositions of each period and expect to understand about his works comprehensively. The first chapter of this study is to summarize the motive, purpose, range, method, and commentary of the important references; the second chapter is to describe all Gottschalk’s life to know his life course, such as, growth environment, music acquired background, and experience in traveling around the world, and to understand that his life course had effect upon his creation material of his own music, style and characteristic of six periods; the third chapter is to make an analysis of the seven compositions and annotation, and introduce its creation background and skill as to be the base of annotation to explore it; the fourth chapter is aimed at conclusion from the study contents.