身心障礙者對政府網站的無障礙網頁使用狀況調查研究
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2007
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行政院研究發展考核委員針對網站管理者以及設計者的需要，於九十一年六月訂定我國的「無障礙網頁開發規範」，以建立具體的無障礙網路推廣目標與策略。
本研究目的在於瞭解身心障礙人士(研究參與者計5位)之使用需求及檢視行政機關網站(74個網站)是否符合無障礙網頁開發規範，特別是與身心障礙者福利相關機構（社會福利、醫療院所、金融、交通鐵路、郵政、電信等）之檢視。對各機關網站之建議事項，俾利作為未來資訊網站製作無障礙資訊網的參考，期使無障礙網路空間能更貼近身心障礙人士的實際需求。根據上述研究動機與目的，本研究問題為：
一、政府機關網站推動無障礙網頁的狀況分析。
二、身心障礙者使用電腦及網路的狀況分析。
三、身心障礙者瀏覽政府網站可及性分析（以4個網站為例）。
研究發現目前各級政府機關通過符合第二優先等級(ＡＡ)比例有待提升，以本次調查的72個政府網站中，僅35個符合第二優先等級以上，所佔比率僅達48.6%；而網站張貼標章和檢驗通過標章有15個網站有不一致的現象，不符合的比例高達20.8%，甚至其中有10個網站並無檢測資料，但卻在網站首頁張貼標章。
現今社會及教育資訊化的狀況良好，普遍來說受試者接觸網路的時間都有六年以上，電腦及網路相當普及，幾乎成為每個人家中的基本配備。在網路上都會的活動有「使用搜尋引擎搜尋資料」、「使用網路即時傳呼軟體」、「通信」，而「理財」則是所有受訪者都沒有的網路經驗。並認為網際網路對他們來說可以「增廣見聞」、「認識朋友」及「自在地表現自己」。他們喜歡的網站都屬於入口網站類型或是網誌類型，入口網站以「雅虎奇摩」為代表，網誌網站則是「無名小站」。
對於身心障礙者來說這四個網站中，在測試網頁瀏覽過程中並沒有對他們造成太大的問題與困擾。對於網站的搜尋，受試者大都只會使用雅虎入口網站來搜尋，而少用其他的搜尋引擎，關鍵字的設定多為簡短而片段的辭句，很少使用複合語句（進階搜尋運算子，如：「＋」、「OR」）等來做進階搜尋。造成困擾的原因往往是因為網頁的可用性欠佳，如：台鐵的網站出現無法顯示網頁、設計不良的網頁讓使用者混淆（台大醫院的神經科、精神科）、網站設計者設計網頁所用的語彙與使用者習慣不同（Adobe公司提供下載軟體的網頁使用詞彙為continue而非使用者慣用的download）等。
要持續關注與檢測無障礙網頁，並提昇使用者正確的資訊態度與素養，透過網路匿名的特性，讓身心障礙者感覺比較自在，由於網路上資訊取得容易，很容易就可以下載各式的影片、音樂、軟體、圖片等，如何導正其電腦態度與資訊倫理，以免誤觸法律。
目前網路的搜尋功能，普遍不能滿足使用者的需求，打了一個關鍵字，出現一堆零散的資料，讓人不知道從何選擇。當搜尋引擎跑出來幾百(千)筆資料，你會看到第幾頁？大多數看到第五頁、第六頁以後就沒耐性了，這顯示目前以關鍵字為核心的搜尋概念，還存在有很多使用上的問題。強化圖書館利用與資訊教育，應教導學生使用好的搜尋方法，搜尋的條件值如何緊縮？如何放寬？都是教育單位可以再積極推動讓學生普遍學會的一項技巧。
The Committee of Research, Development, and Assessment, Administrative Yuan, in accordance with the needs of the website administers and designers, drew up our country’s “Standards to Build the No-barrier Websites” in June 2002 in order to set up concrete objectives and strategies to promote the no-barrier Internet. The purpose of this study was to explore the requirements of usage by the handicapped physically and psychically (totally including five subjects in this research) and to survey whether the government institution websites conform to “Standards to Build the No-barrier Websites”, especially the institution websites related to the welfare of the handicapped physically and psychically (social welfare, clinics and hospitals with medical treatment, finance, traffic, railway, postal service, telecommunications, and so on). The suggestions and recommendation to each government institution website will be the reference resources to build up a no-barrier websites in the future in order to press no-barrier websites close to the down-to-earth demands of the handicapped physically and psychically. According to the research motive and purpose mentioned above, the research questions are as follows: 1. To analyze the conditions for the government institutions to set no-barrier web pages into action. 2. To analyze the situations for the handicapped physically and psychically to use the computers and the Internet. 3. To analyze the accessibility for the handicapped physically and psychically to browse the government websites. The findings of this study were that the proportion of all levels of government institutions tallying with the second priority grade (AA) remained to be promoted. There were only 35 government institution websites, out of 72 government institution websites, conforming to or above the second priority grade (AA), which ratio only reaches 48.6%. There were 15 websites inconsistent in label putting and label passing the test, which discordant ratio was up to 20.8%. There were even 10 websites without any information about the qualification examinations of the barriers, but post up the label on their homepages. Nowadays information transmission works well in our education and society. Generally speaking, the subjects in this research have used the Internet for more than six years, computers and the Internet are quite available to all, and they almost become the basic equipment at everyone’s home. The activities they usually engaged in on the Internet included “searching for the information by the search engine,” “using the software to notify instantaneously on the Internet,” and “message,” while all the subjects interviewed had no such experience on the Internet like “finance management.” They all considered that the Internet can “increase their knowledge”, “know more friends”, and “express themselves comfortably.” The websites they liked all belonged to the portal sites or the web logs (blogs), in which “Yahoo Kimo” was on behalf of the portal sites and “Wu Ming Xiao Zhan” in the person of the web logs (blogs). For the handicapped physically and psychically, the four websites didn’t bring them too many problems and troubles during the process to test the webpage browsing. The subjects generally used the portal site “Yahoo” to search for the websites only, but seldom used other search engines. Besides, they mainly set the keywords with brief fragments of expressions, but they seldom used the compound complex sentences (operational factors for advanced searching, such as, “+” and “or”) to do advanced searching. The reason to cause troubles was often because of the poor usability of the web pages, such as, the website of Taiwan Railway Station appeared unavailable, the poorly-designed websites made users confused (the neurology department and the psycho department in Taiwan University Hospital), and the different usage of terms between the website designers and its users (The Adobe Company provided the web page for downloading software by using the word “continue” instead of users’ common usage “download”. In order to promote users’ correct attitudes and their information literacy and guide their attitudes toward computers and information ethics, attentions and examinations on no-barrier websites must be continued not only because the handicapped physically and psychically feel more comfortable in the anonymous environments but because information on the Internet was got easily to download various films, music, software, and pictures At present the functions for searching in the Internet generally can’t meet with the needs of its users because they just don’t know how to choose from piles of scattered data after typing a keyword. When there are hundreds (thousands) of data after using the search engines, which page will you browse to? Most people will be out of patience after browsing page 5 to page 6, which reveals that there still exist many problems in using keywords as the core of searching concept. Students should be taught to use good searching methods for strengthening library using and information education. How to narrow down and loosen the conditional values of searching is a skill for educational authorities to make more efforts to promote students’ learning.
The Committee of Research, Development, and Assessment, Administrative Yuan, in accordance with the needs of the website administers and designers, drew up our country’s “Standards to Build the No-barrier Websites” in June 2002 in order to set up concrete objectives and strategies to promote the no-barrier Internet. The purpose of this study was to explore the requirements of usage by the handicapped physically and psychically (totally including five subjects in this research) and to survey whether the government institution websites conform to “Standards to Build the No-barrier Websites”, especially the institution websites related to the welfare of the handicapped physically and psychically (social welfare, clinics and hospitals with medical treatment, finance, traffic, railway, postal service, telecommunications, and so on). The suggestions and recommendation to each government institution website will be the reference resources to build up a no-barrier websites in the future in order to press no-barrier websites close to the down-to-earth demands of the handicapped physically and psychically. According to the research motive and purpose mentioned above, the research questions are as follows: 1. To analyze the conditions for the government institutions to set no-barrier web pages into action. 2. To analyze the situations for the handicapped physically and psychically to use the computers and the Internet. 3. To analyze the accessibility for the handicapped physically and psychically to browse the government websites. The findings of this study were that the proportion of all levels of government institutions tallying with the second priority grade (AA) remained to be promoted. There were only 35 government institution websites, out of 72 government institution websites, conforming to or above the second priority grade (AA), which ratio only reaches 48.6%. There were 15 websites inconsistent in label putting and label passing the test, which discordant ratio was up to 20.8%. There were even 10 websites without any information about the qualification examinations of the barriers, but post up the label on their homepages. Nowadays information transmission works well in our education and society. Generally speaking, the subjects in this research have used the Internet for more than six years, computers and the Internet are quite available to all, and they almost become the basic equipment at everyone’s home. The activities they usually engaged in on the Internet included “searching for the information by the search engine,” “using the software to notify instantaneously on the Internet,” and “message,” while all the subjects interviewed had no such experience on the Internet like “finance management.” They all considered that the Internet can “increase their knowledge”, “know more friends”, and “express themselves comfortably.” The websites they liked all belonged to the portal sites or the web logs (blogs), in which “Yahoo Kimo” was on behalf of the portal sites and “Wu Ming Xiao Zhan” in the person of the web logs (blogs). For the handicapped physically and psychically, the four websites didn’t bring them too many problems and troubles during the process to test the webpage browsing. The subjects generally used the portal site “Yahoo” to search for the websites only, but seldom used other search engines. Besides, they mainly set the keywords with brief fragments of expressions, but they seldom used the compound complex sentences (operational factors for advanced searching, such as, “+” and “or”) to do advanced searching. The reason to cause troubles was often because of the poor usability of the web pages, such as, the website of Taiwan Railway Station appeared unavailable, the poorly-designed websites made users confused (the neurology department and the psycho department in Taiwan University Hospital), and the different usage of terms between the website designers and its users (The Adobe Company provided the web page for downloading software by using the word “continue” instead of users’ common usage “download”. In order to promote users’ correct attitudes and their information literacy and guide their attitudes toward computers and information ethics, attentions and examinations on no-barrier websites must be continued not only because the handicapped physically and psychically feel more comfortable in the anonymous environments but because information on the Internet was got easily to download various films, music, software, and pictures At present the functions for searching in the Internet generally can’t meet with the needs of its users because they just don’t know how to choose from piles of scattered data after typing a keyword. When there are hundreds (thousands) of data after using the search engines, which page will you browse to? Most people will be out of patience after browsing page 5 to page 6, which reveals that there still exist many problems in using keywords as the core of searching concept. Students should be taught to use good searching methods for strengthening library using and information education. How to narrow down and loosen the conditional values of searching is a skill for educational authorities to make more efforts to promote students’ learning.
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Keywords
身心障礙者, 政府網站, 無障礙網頁空間, 個案研究, the handicapped physically and psychically, government websites, the space on the web pages with no barriers, case study