老年人參與社區藝術教學資源的學習經驗 以臺北市中山區樂齡學習中心為例

Abstract

藝術的學習是一門很自然、很貼近生活的課程，能夠讓學習者從日常生活中出發，學習技能、情緒宣洩、發掘美感，而這些正是老年人在學習上所需要的。老年人退休之後，面臨身體退化、經濟來源中斷、與家人、朋友、社會的連結減少，造成生活品質降低、憂鬱情緒萌生等狀況，使得老年人更加速的老化，因而衍生出更多社會問題。其實老年人只是欠缺一個「年輕的機會」，2002年世界衛生組織提出Active aging（活躍老化）的概念，老年人即使已經邁入退化的年齡，但是在醫療與生物科技突飛猛進的現在，老年人的健康狀況已經跟以往不同，老年人可以透過學習，持續增能，維持一個好的生活品質，在藝術教育的洗禮下，達到一個幸福的老年生活。 既然藝術學習對老年人有著許多幫助，那老年人要從什麼管道去獲取藝術的教學資源呢？研究發現，老年人從「生活」中獲取的管道占了大多數。這個「生活」包含了老年人所接觸的人、事、物等，所以這時社區裡的教學資源顯得重要，因為他就是老年人的生活圈，是一個老年人獲取教學資源的重要管道。 「樂齡學習中心」就在這樣的觀念下誕生。樂齡學習中心的宗旨就是要幫助老年人活躍老化，打造一個身體健康、心理愉悅及靈性滿足的成功老化社會。也期許能夠以遍地開花的方式，達到各鄉鎮市皆有一所樂齡學習中心的目標，讓老年人能夠從社區獲取教學資源管道，就近學習。 研究案例為「臺北市中山區樂齡學習中心」，其課程規劃的方向就是以「快樂學藝、彩繪人生」去進行，開啟了許多藝術類的課程。也因為這樣的緣故，中心的參與人數從民國97年的兩百多人次變成現在七百多人次，老年人的學習成效也很好，讓中心一下子活絡了起來。在研究過程中，也發現到老年人經過藝術學習之後，對於自我本身的增廣見聞、人際關係、情緒抒發、美學觀念、身體健康、充實生活都有所提升，甚至對於「貢獻與服務他人」、「超越自我」這兩項需求，也有老年人在其豐富的生活經驗與藝術學習的激盪下，完成目標，達到滿足。 「老」的概念已經跟以往不一樣了，當老年人透過社區藝術教學資源的學習，獲得增能，活躍老化、成功老化。老，是一個幸福的象徵。

Art learning is a natural program and close to our life. It is able to make those learners to start from daily life, learn technique, relieve emotion and discover the sense of beauty, and these are needed for elderly people in their learning. After retirement, elderly people will face physical degeneration, interruption of economic source and reduction of connection with family members, friends and our society, which may cause degradation for life quality and produce depressive mood, and make elderly people age even faster so as to derive more social problems. In fact, elderly people only lack for an “opportunity of being young”. In 2002 World Health Organization (WHO) advocated an idea of Active Aging, even elderly people already stepped into the age of degeneration, however, as the advanced development of medical and biotechnology at present, their health statuses are different from before, elderly people can use learning to continuously enabling capability to maintain a good quality of life, and then achieve a happy elderly life through the immersion of art education. As long as art learning is helpful to elderly people, thus what channel or method can they obtain the teaching resource of art education? In some researches and studies, it discovered that elderly people obtained from the「life」 channels or methods mostly. The term「life」includes people, matter and object that elderly people contacted and linked, therefore the teaching resource of community becomes more and more important due to it is not only the life circle for elderly people, but also an important channel of obtaining teaching resource for them. 「Active Aging Learning Center」has come out along with such idea. Its purpose is to help elderly people for activating aging to build a physically healthy, mentally happy and spiritually satisfied successful aging society. It also expects to use the method of being blooming everywhere to reach the goal of establishing an active aging learning center for every village, township and city in order to allow elderly people to be able to obtain channels of teaching resources from communities and learning nearby. The case study is「Active Aging Learning Center of Zhongshan District, Taipei City」, and the direction of its program design is carried out in accordance with「Happily learn art, Colorfully paint life」with having many art-related courses. Also because such reason, the number of participants in this center increased from 200 in 2008 to more than 700 currently and elderly people has a better learning effectiveness that is actually activated this center. In the research process, the researcher also found that after learning art, elderly people have broadened their horizon and improved their own interpersonal relationship, expression of emotion, aesthetic concept, physical health and fulfilling life; in addition, some of them have been encouraged by their abundant life experiences and art learning to achieve the goal and reach the fulfillment in 「contribution and serve to others」 and 「surpass oneself」. The idea of「old」is different from the past while elderly people used communities’ education resources of art learning to obtain enabling capability, activate aging and succeed aging. The term of old now becomes a symbol of happiness.