基於越南學生需求的華語文測驗教材設計與編寫研究

Abstract

近年來，隨著臺灣政府積極推動「新南向政策」，並推出多項獎學金計畫，例如臺灣獎學金、華語文獎學金、短期研究獎學金及 TEEP 實習計畫，越南與臺灣在教育領域的合作逐漸加深，吸引了大量優秀的越南學生來臺求學。因此，越南學生成為臺灣境外生的重要來源之一。根據教育部統計，2023 年在臺的越南學生已達27,491 人，占境外生總數的 23.7%，居於境外生之首。對越南學生而言，獲得華語文能力測驗（TOCFL）證書已成為申請入學及進入職場的重要條件。然而，現有教材難以完全滿足零基礎學習者的需求，尤其是針對TOCFL A2 等級的教材。鑑此，本研究採用問卷調查法，分析越南學生的學習需求，並根據調查結果編寫專為零基礎學習者設計的範例教材。本研究旨在探討零基礎越南學生在準備 TOCFL 測驗過程中所面臨的語言學習需求與挑戰。研究結果顯示，越南學生在詞彙運用、語法掌握，以及聽力與閱讀理解方面面臨顯著困難。本研究根據這些需求，依循教材編寫原則，設計了一套專為零基礎學生量身打造的範例教材，內容涵蓋高頻詞彙、常見句型、基礎語法解析，以及對應的聽力與閱讀練習。教材針對越南語與華語在語法及文化方面的差異，透過簡明易懂的講解、越南語註釋及視覺輔助，幫助學生快速掌握語言重點。研究結論指出，針對零基礎越南學生設計的教材需兼具針對性與實用性，著重於真實情境中的語言應用，同時融入趣味性與系統性的練習。教材內容應包含貼近 TOCFL 測驗的模擬題型，並強化學習者的文化理解與跨文化交流能力。本研究所編寫的教材，不僅能提升學生的學習效率，還能增強他們通過 TOCFL A2 測驗的信心與能力，為未來的學術與實務發展奠定堅實基礎。In recent years, with the Taiwanese government actively promoting the"New Southbound Policy" and launching several scholarship programs, such as the Taiwan Scholarship, Huayu Enrichment Scholarship, Short-term Research Scholarship, and TEEP Internship Program, the cooperation between Vietnam and Taiwan in the field of education has gradually deepened, attracting many outstanding Vietnamese students to study in Taiwan. As a result, Vietnamese students have become one of the key sources of international students in Taiwan. According to statistics from the Ministryof Education, the number of Vietnamese students in Taiwan reached 27,491 in 2023, accounting for 23.7% of the total number of international students, ranking first among all international student groups.For Vietnamese students, obtaining a Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL) certificate has become an important requirement for applying to schools and entering the workforce. However, existing materials are insufficient to meet the needs of beginner learners, especially for those preparing for the TOCFL A2 level. In light of this, this study adopts a questionnaire survey method to analyze the learning needs of Vietnamese students, and based on the survey results, develops sample teaching materials specifically designed for beginner learners. The aim of this study is to explore the language learning needs and challenges faced by beginner Vietnamese students during their preparation for the TOCFL exam. The research findings show that Vietnamese students face significant difficulties in vocabulary usage, grammar comprehension, as well as listening and reading comprehension.Based on these needs, this study follows material development principles and designs a set of sample teaching materials tailored specifically for beginner learners. The content includes high-frequency vocabulary, common sentence patterns, basic grammar analysis, as well as corresponding listening and reading exercises. The materials address the differences in grammar and culture between Vietnamese and Chinese, using clear and easy-to-understand explanations, Vietnamese annotations, and visual aids to help students quickly grasp the key points of the language.The study concludes that teaching materials designed for beginner Vietnamese students should be both targeted and practical, emphasizing language application in real-life contexts while incorporating engaging and systematic exercises. The materials should include practice questions that closely resemble those found in the TOCFL exam and enhance learners' cultural understanding and cross-cultural communication abilities. The teaching materials developed in this study not only aim to improve students' learning efficiency but also to strengthen their confidence and ability to pass the TOCFL A2 exam, laying a solid foundation for their future academic and professional development.