電影抄襲之研究—以電影劇本為核心

Abstract

電影兼具藝術與商業特質，其創作內容包括語文、音樂、視聽與美術等多樣著作型態。電影劇本作為創作核心，近年屢見抄襲爭議，衍生諸多法律問題。本研究旨在探討電影劇本於著作權法制下之規範意涵與實務挑戰。研究方法採文獻分析法、比較研究法與個案研究法，首先就「電影」與「視聽（電影）著作」之國際規範、各國立法例及我國制度與實務進行比較，進一步檢視原創性判斷、侵害構成要件及相關案例，並以電影劇本為核心剖析其創作特質與抄襲爭議。研究結果顯示：（一）電影產業從業人員因產業特性普遍排斥訴訟；（二）司法實務對「實質相似」及「必要場景原則」之判斷標準與適用尚不明確；（三）著作鑑定制度未臻完備。本研究建議，法院在審理劇本抄襲爭議時，除文字比對外，應兼顧動態表達與畫面導向特質，並評估情節推進與內在邏輯一致性；另可建立「必要場景原則資料庫」，並邀集影視從業人員與藝術美學專家參與鑑定，以建立藝術與法律並重的鑑定制度，提升專業性與信賴度。Film, as a popular cultural form combining artistic and commercial attributes, encompasses diverse creative elements such as language, audiovisual expression, music, and visual arts. Screenplays, the core of cinematic creation, have in recent years frequently been involved in plagiarism disputes, raising complex legal challenges. This study examines the normative implications and practical challenges of Screenplays under the copyright framework. Using literature analysis, comparative study, and case study methods, it explores “film” and “audiovisual (cinematographic) works” through international regulations, comparative legislation, and Taiwan’s legal system and judicial practice. The study also reviews originality criteria, elements of infringement, and relevant case law, focusing on the creative characteristics of scripts and related plagiarism disputes.Findings highlight three main issues: (1) film professionals tend to avoid litigation due to industry-specific characteristics; (2) judicial practice regarding “substantial similarity” and the “scènes à faire doctrine” remains unclear; and (3) the copyright appraisal system is underdeveloped. The study recommends that courts consider not only textual comparison but also dynamic expression, visual orientation, plot progression, and internal logical consistency. Judges should thoroughly understand disputed works prior to adjudication. Additionally, establishing a “scènes à faire database” and involving film professionals and art experts as appraisers can create an appraisal system that balances artistic and legal considerations, enhancing professionalism and credibility.