台東當代原住民藝術的創作題材及其文化意涵之研究

Abstract

台灣藝術與文化發展是以漢文化為主流藝術，相較於主流美學藝術創作，非主流的原住民藝術創作更顯其世代文化意義。多元文化崛起的後現代社會，整體社會歷史從解構至再建構，重新以族群共同記憶書寫歷史，原住民族是最早遷徙至台灣生活的族群，歷經百年相異文化政權統治下，原住民族傳統祭儀與習俗相繼流失。1980年代原住民族運動是原住民「民族自覺」的開始，歷經汙名化、向政府爭取權益與文化再認同的過程，原住民族紛紛開始使用文學書寫與藝術創作，建立原住民族真實的文化樣貌。

原住民族追尋散失的部落文化，以藝術創作方式雕刻下部落裡的共同記憶，藝術是一種文化紀錄方式，透過藝術創作傳承延續部落傳統文化。原住民族藝術是來自於原住民族血脈裡對文化的認同，展現山海文化的民族性格，表現原住民族性格的力與美、純樸誠摯的真實情感。

本論文以台東當代原住民藝術的創作題材及其文化意涵為研究，首先從原住民、文化政策與台東藝術發展，檢視台東原住民藝術發展現況；使用選樣方式以哈古、希巨•蘇飛、魯碧•司瓦那等三位藝術家，代表台東藝術發展脈絡的部落藝術、現代藝術、當代藝術，透過創作題材及其文化意涵的探討，展現台東地區原住民藝術發展歷程；最後，試以文化傳承與藝術實踐分析「內我」崩解、再建構共同文化記憶後，原住民族如何進行文化傳承與創新，並分析歸納台東原住民藝術形象的轉變與藝術特質。In the artistic cultural development, although Han culture is the mainstream art, non-mainstream aboriginal art comparatively presents more profound cultural meanings. As diverse cultures sprang up in the postmodern society which hence went through successive historical deconstruction and reconstruction, history had been rewritten with collective memory. Being governed by diverse cultures in a century results in the continual loss of their traditional rituals and customs. Nonetheless, aborigines’ movement in 1980’s is the beginning of their self-awareness. Undergoing stigmatization and striving for rights and cultural recognition, aborigines started literary writing and artistic creations that facilitated the establishment of real aboriginal cultural appearance.

Art is a way to contain and pass down traditional tribal cultures. Searching for their lost tribal cultures, aborigines stored collective tribal memory up through artistic creations. Derived from their recognition, their art presents aboriginal characteristics and demonstrates the strengths and esthetics as well as their simple and sincere emotions.

This thesis is focused on the study of artistic themes and cultural meanings of contemporary aboriginal arts in Taitung. The author starts with examining the status quo of aboriginal artistic development in Taitung from the aspects of aboriginal people, cultural policies, and art. Three artists, Haku, Hsi Chu Su Fei, and shi yingyuan, are selected as examples to represent the development of art, which are respectively tribal art, modern art, and contemporary art. The artistic themes and cultural meanings are studied to express the progress of ingenious art. At last, the thesis analyzes cultural development and artistic practice to figure out how aborigines pass down and innovate cultures after inner self disintegrates and reconstructs collective cultural memory, and ends with the analysis of the transformation of Taitung aborigines’ artistic images and characteristics.