新冠疫情時運動班課程對中高齡者體能促進之分析

Abstract

目的：本研究最主要目的在探究COVID-19流行期間中、高齡族群參與體適能課程的練習效果，並瞭解不同訓練課程的訓練效果是否有所差異。方法：以三鶯運動中心八種班級共43名學員為研究對象，其中16名為高齡學員(年齡68.00±2.53、身高158.34±4.32、體重61.11±7.69)只實施體適能課程；中年族群27名(年齡50.44±5.14歲、身高158.82±5.36vx= 分、體重59.92±9.74公斤)分別實施七種體能課程，包含水中有氧、徒手肌力、TRX、TABATA、重量訓練、瑜珈與皮拉提斯運動課程(後再依課程內容屬性分成肌肉力量課程、肌肉伸展課程與有氧訓練課程三種類型)。訓練前、後高齡學員實施功能性體適能檢測，中年族群學員實施一般體適能檢測。檢測資料的統計處理以SPSS 23.0版軟體計算，以無母數魏可遜符號等級檢定學員前、後測體能之差異；以克-瓦二氏無母數單因子等級變異數分析，探討不同運動班在學習後的體能變化是否有所差異，以等級平均數法進行事後比較，顯著水準定為α = .05。結果顯示：高齡族群與中年族群參與體適能訓練課程在經過8周的訓練前、後整體體能皆有顯著的進步。中年族群參與八周每周一小時的肌肉力量訓練課程後，在腰圍與臀圍與皮脂率方面的減少有顯著的進步，也能促進柔軟度的進步。中年族群從事八周每周一小時的肌肉伸展運動課程後，在腰、腹體脂數、肌力與肌耐力及柔軟度等體適能檢測有顯著進步。中年族群在經過八周每周一小時的水中有氧運動課程後，可以明顯促進心肺適能與肌肉耐力。中年族群經過8周參與各類運動課程後，各課程間進步的幅度沒有顯著差異。結論：因此COVID-19流行期間中高齡族群實施每周一小時的運動課程即有明顯的訓練效果，因此每週維持規律運動，對中、高年族群是很有效的。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether the physical exercise courses improved physical fitness elderly and the middle aged people during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: There were 16 elderly people (age 68.00±2.53 yrs, height 158.34±4.32 cm, weight 61.11±7.69kg) and 27 middle aged people (age50.44±5.14yrs, height158.82±5.36, weight 59.92±9.74kg) served as the participants. The physical fitness course was engaged in the elderly group that the 7 different exercise classes (divided into the muscle strength, muscle flexibility and the aerobics groups) were going to the middle aged people. The participants would work out one hour per week for 8 weeks in order to explore the effect of curriculum intervention on physical fitness. In this study, the physical fitness data of the participants before and after training would be measured and analyzed in two groups. The elderly group were tested by the functional fitness assessment items. The middle-aged group were tested by using the general physical fitness tests. Both groups were engaged in skinfold test to measure the body fat percentage. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank nonparametric statistical test was used to compare the differences between before and after the exercise program of each group. And the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences among the three different style exercise classes and the post-hoc comparison were calculated by using IBM SPSS statistics 23.0 software, the statistical significance level was set at α =.05. Results: After 8-week, 1 hour/week exercise program, were significant improvement both in elderly and the middle aged people. There were significant improve in the skinfold thickness, the agility, the flexibility of upper and lower extremities and the cardiorespiratory endurance of the elderly group. Middle-aged people who participated in the eight-week muscle-strength type training course showed significant improvements in waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage and the flexibility improved as well. After the eight-week muscle stretching style exercise course, middle-aged people made significant progress in physical fitness tests such as waist and abdominal body fat composition, muscle strength, muscle endurance and flexibility. Middle-aged people can significantly promote cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance after eight weeks of one-hour weekly water aerobics class. There were no significant differences among fitness classes after 8 weeks of training of middle aged people. Conclusion: There were significant training effects of one hour of exercise courses per week for middle-aged and elderly people during the COVID-19 epidemic. Maintaining regular exercise is very effective for middle-aged and elderly groups.