幼兒夜間睡眠狀況與執行功能表現之關聯性研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在於了解幼兒夜間睡眠狀況與執行功能表現間的關聯性，使用「臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫建置計畫：36月齡組」縱貫追蹤調查資料，探討幼兒夜間就寢時間、睡眠總量、睡眠品質和執行功能表現之關聯性。逐步迴歸分析結果顯示，最能夠顯著預測5歲幼兒執行功能表現的變項依序為5歲夜間睡眠品質、社經地位、幼兒性別及5歲就寢時間，最能夠顯著預測6歲幼兒執行功能表現的變項則依序為5歲執行功能表現、社經地位、6歲夜間睡眠品質及幼兒性別。此外，若以夜間就寢時間和睡眠總量將幼兒分為四組(早睡晚起、早睡早起、晚睡晚起、晚睡早起)，5歲幼兒的早睡晚起組及晚睡早起組在其5歲及6歲時執行功能表現上存在顯著差異，此差異來自於夜間睡眠總量的不同。本研究在理論上，可以增加國內對於幼兒夜間睡眠與執行功能的相關文獻，在實務上，研究成果將作為設計提升幼兒執行功能介入方案的實證理論基礎。

The purpose of this research is to understand the relation between children’ s sleep status and their performance of executive function. This study used longitudinal data from the" National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care（KIT）: 36-month-old cohort" to investigate bedtime, sleep duration and, sleep quality of young children and how they are related to their executive functions. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the variables that most significantly predicted the performance of 5-year-old children's executive function were in order of 5-year-old sleep quality, socioeconomic status, gender, and 5-year-old bedtime. The variables most significantly predicting the performance of 6-year-old children's executive function were 5-year-old executive function performance, socioeconomic status, 6-year-old sleep quality, and gender. In addition, we divided children into four groups based on bedtime and total sleep amount(early bed and late rise, early bed and early rise, late bed and late rise, late bed and early rise). there were significant differences in the performance of 5 and 6 years old children's executive function between the group of early bed and late rise and the group of late bed andearly rise in 5 years old. The difference between the two groups came from the difference in the total amount of sleep. In theory, this study increased the domestic literature on sleep and executive function of young children. In practice, the research results served as the empirical theoretical basis for designing intervention programs to improve the executive function of young children.