數理資優班學生體適能之研究-以臺北市國民中學為例

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在暸解100學年度臺北市國民中學八年級數理資優班男、女生與普通班男、女生體適能差異之情形。 方法：以100學年度臺北市國民中學八年級數理資優班與普通班學生，資優班男生108名、女生51名，共159名學生。同校同班同性別，亂數取樣方式，普通班男生108名、女生51名，共159名學生。合計男生216名、女生102名。共計318名學生為研究對象。本研究以身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎、一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐、立定跳遠及女生800、男生1600公尺跑作為測驗項目，分別代表身體組成、柔軟度、肌肉適能、瞬發力及心肺耐力。本研究使用描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗，進行資料處理分析比較，資優班男、女生與普通班男、女生體適能差異之情形。 結果：一、對照全國常模來看，臺北市國民中學八年級數理資優班學生的身體質量指數多屬於正常範圍；13、14歲男生在柔軟度、瞬發力、肌肉適能及心肺耐力皆高於全國常模中間值，唯14歲男生在柔軟度，低於全國常模中間值；13、14歲女生在柔軟度、瞬發力、肌肉適能及心肺耐力皆高於全國常模中間。 二、身體組成，13歲男、女生與14歲男生資優班與普通班沒有差異，未達顯著差異。14歲女生資優班與普通班，達顯著差異(p<.05)。 三、肌肉適能，13歲男、女生與14歲男生、女生資優班優於普通班，達顯著差異(p<.05)。 四、柔軟度，13歲男、女生與14歲男生資優班優於普通班，達顯著差異(p<.05)。14 歲女生資優班與普通班沒有差異，未達顯著差異 五、瞬發力，13歲男、女生與14歲男生、女生資優班優於普通班，達顯著差異(p<.05)。 六、心肺耐力，13歲男、女生與14歲男生、女生資優班優於普通班，達顯著差異(p<.05)。 結論：數理資優班學生體適能表現優於普通班學生，特別在柔軟度、瞬發力、肌肉適能、心肺耐力等體適能要素，皆優於普通班學生。顯示其體適能水準有表現較好之傾向。

Purpose: This study aims at understanding the relaionship between the Taipei Junior High School eighth graders’ physical fitness for both the regular mathematical classes and gifted classes of the 2011 school year. Method: Participants were from students of Taipei Junior High School eigth grade mathematical gifted classes and regular classes. 108 gifted male and 51 gifted female students for a total of 159 were studied along with 108 male and 51 female from the regular classes by the random number sampling method. There’s a total of 216 males and 102 females studied in this research. In this study, body mass, sit and bend, one minute sit-ups, 800 meters standing long jump for females and 1600 for males were used as testing methods each representing the body composition, flexibility, muscle fitness, instantaneous force, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Result: Analysis comparing the gifted students and regular class students are as followed. A. The body mass index of the eight grade gifted students in Taipei Junior High School were within the national normal range: 13 and 14 year old male students have higher flexibility, anaerobic power, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory endurance than the national norm. Only the 14 year old male student scored a lower norm value in flexibility. 13 and 14 year old gifted female student scored a higher than the national norm in flexibiltiy, anaerobic power, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory endurance. B. Body composition (BMI). There’s not a significant difference between 13 year old male and female and 14 year old male gifted students when comparing with regular class students leading to a negative correlation. There’s a difference between 14 year old female classes and regular classes which leads to a positive correlation (p<.05) C. Flexibility. The 13 year old male and female and the 14 year old male gifted classes obtained a higher than norm score than the regular classes in terms of flexibility leading to a positive correlation (p<.05). There’s no differece between 14 year old gifted and regular class students which leads to a negative correlation. D. Instantaneous force. The 13 year old male and female and the 14 year old male gifted classes obtained a higher than norm score than the regular classes in terms of instantaneous force leading to a positive correlation (p<.05). E. Muscle fitness. The 13 year old male and female and the 14 year old female gifted classes obtained a higher than norm score than the regular classes in terms of muscle fitness leading to a positive correlation (p<.05). F. Cardiorespiratory endurance. The 13 year old male and female and the 14 year old female gifted classes obtained a higher than norm score than the regular classes in terms of cardiorespiratory endurance leading to a positive correlation (p<.05). Conclusion: The mathematical classes for the gifted students' physical fitness is better than the regular classes, particularly in flexibility, anaerobic power, muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory endurance. These elements leads to a conclusion that gifted classes’ physical fitness is better than the regular classes.