綠色照顧：農民團體的高齡者照顧模式分析

Abstract

為因應人口快速老化，行政院農業委員會提出綠色照顧計畫，針對鄉村及 農民推展高齡照顧服務。本研究以兩間農會為研究對象，透過訪談、參與觀察及 文件分析，以個案分析的角度深入探討農民團體推展綠色照顧計畫的策略及成效。 為能全面刻畫每一個案在綠色照顧課程設計、志工協力、資源連結及成效表現， 研究者分別訪問兩間農會中綠色照顧計畫的規劃人員、志工及高齡學習者，希望 透過三者的視角呈現綠色照顧計畫在不同農會中的樣貌。關於綠色照顧計畫的策略，研究結果發現:(1)兩間農會在設計綠色照顧 課程時除了考量環境、生活及健康三大主軸外，也考慮課程內容對高齡學習者的 實用性，並使用當季與當地的農產品為綠元素，以初級與次級預防介入方式促進 高齡學習者的健康。(2)志工在綠色照顧課程、互助共餐服務及健康諮詢服務 中扮演重要角色，透過志工團隊的運作讓服務的各環節能順利進行。(3)綠色 照顧可運用的內部資源為家政班、農友、高齡學習者;外部資源則有社區大學、 樂齡學習中心、各級學校、營養師、衛生所及社福中心等。關於綠色照顧計畫的成效，研究結果發現高齡學習者因為參與綠色照顧課 程，有下列成效:(1)生理層面:維持高齡者的健康和延緩老化速度。(2)社 會層面:提升高齡者的人際互動、增進代間互動及情感，並增加服務和彼此互助 的機會。(3)心理層面:更多的正向情緒、減少憂鬱、提升成就感及自我效能、 平靜的心靈。最後，本研究依據研究結果對農民團體未來推展綠色照顧計畫及未來研究 提出建議。In response to the rapid aging of the population, the Agriculture Committee of the Executive Yuan proposed green care program to promote elder care services for rural areas and farmers. This study takes two farmers' associations as the research object. Through interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, it explores the strategies and effects of farmers' association in promoting green care programs from the perspective of case analysis. In order to fully describe the green care curriculum design, volunteer cooperation, resource linkage, and performance of each case, the researcher interviewed the program planners, volunteers, and elderly learners of the green care program in the two farmers' associations, hoping to present the green care programs in different farmers' associations through the perspectives of the three. With regard to the strategy of the green care, the results of the study found that: (1) In addition to considering the three main spindle of environment, life, and health when designing the green care courses, the two farmer associations also considered the practicality of the course content for elderly learners, and used seasonal and local agricultural products asgreen elements to promote the health of older learners through primary and secondary prevention interventions. (2) Volunteers play an important role in green care courses, mutual aid and sharing services, and health consultation services. Through the operation of the volunteer team, all aspects of the service can be carried out smoothly. (3) The internal resources available for green care include home economics classes, farmers, and elderly learners; the external resources include community colleges, senior learning centers, schools at all levels, nutritionists, clinics, and social welfare centers.Regarding the effectiveness of the green care program, the research found that elderly learners had the following improvements after participating in the green care program: (1) physiological level: maintaining the health of the elderly and delaying the aging process. (2) social level: improving the interpersonal interaction of the elderly, enhancing intergenerational interaction and emotion, and increasing opportunities for service and mutual assistance. (3) psychological level: more positive emotions, less depression, increased sense of accomplishment and self-efficacy, and a calm mind.Finally, based on the results of the study, this study brings out suggestions for the future promotion of green care programs and future research by farmers' associations.