海頓詼諧曲寫作發展之研究─以《弦樂四重奏作品二十》與《弦樂四重奏作品三十三》為例

Abstract

海頓(Franz Joseph Haydn, 1732-1809)一生中共創作六十八首弦樂四重奏，對於弦樂四重奏的發展影響甚鉅，於1781年發表的《弦樂四重奏作品三十三》，為其經過音樂風格的轉變時期後，所淬煉出的成熟之作，海頓宣示此組作品，是以「全新、完全不同的的形式」寫作而成，在這組作品中，海頓將原有小步舞曲樂章，全面以詼諧曲取而代之。本文的研究重點，將著重於分析詼諧曲的音樂特徵，並與前作《弦樂四重奏作品二十》相較，觀察兩者不同之處。 本論文分為五章，第一章研究詼諧曲發展，以及十八世紀的音樂風格及弦樂四重奏，第二章為海頓生平以及弦樂四重奏之探討，第三及第四章，為《弦樂四重奏作品三十三》詼諧曲的樂曲架構以及音樂素材之分析，第五章將歸納《弦樂四重奏作品二十》小步舞曲樂章的各項特點，與《弦樂四重奏作品三十三》相互參照比較，望能了解海頓在小步舞曲與詼諧曲在創作上的不同。

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) wrote 68 string quartet pieces in his whole life, which had a huge impact on the development of string quartets. The String Quartets, Opus 33 was released in 1781, which is a mature work that had been refined after his transition period of music style. Haydn declared that this work was written in a "new, completely different form". In this set of work, Haydn replaced every Minuet movement with Scherzo. The focus of this dissertation will emphasize on the analysis of the musical characteristics of the Scherzo, and compare it with the previous work The String Quartets, Opus 20 to observe the difference between the two. This dissertation is divided into five chapters, the first chapter studies the development of scherzo, as well as the music style and string quartets of the eighteenth century. The second chapter is the discussion of Haydn's life and his string quartet. The third and fourth chapters are the analysis of the music structure and elements of the The String Quartets Opus 33. The fifth chapter will summarize the characteristics of the Minuet in The String Quartets Opus 20, and compare it with The String Quartets, Opus 33. The author hopes that the readers could have a better understanding on the difference that Haydn made between the Minuet and Scherzo in his creation.