社教志工個人背景變項、社會支持、自我效能來源與其自我效能關係研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在探討台灣地區社會教育館志工個人背景變項、社會支持、自我效能來源與其自我效能的關係。為達上述目的，本研究以新竹、台南、台東及北高兩市社會教育館的志工為研究對象，使用社會調查法，以郵寄問卷的方式蒐集樣本資料，共得有效樣本316份。問卷內容包括「社會支持」、「自我效能」及「自我效能來源」三項主要概念，以單因子變異數分析、t考驗、積差相關考驗、多元迴歸分析檢視主要概念間的關係後，獲得以下結論： 一、社教館志工認為其志願服務機構所給予的社會支持，以實質性社會支持最高，其餘依序為情感性支持、訊息性支持。 二、社教館志工對其自我效能的表現，以目標達成層次較高，其次是堅持努力。 三、社教館志工的「性別」、「年齡」、「服務年資」、「服務時間」、「過去的志工經驗」、「工作性質」等六項背景變項在社教館志工的自我效能有顯著的差異。 四、社教館志工各層面與整體社會支持愈高，則各層面與整體自我效能也愈高。 五、社教館志工在「成功經驗」層面的自我效能來源愈高，則自我效能愈高；但在「失敗經驗」層面則自我效能來源愈低，自我效能愈高；而「行為楷模」與自我效能強弱無相關性。 六、.志工的個人背景變項、社會支持、自我效能來源對其自我效能整體層面、目標達成層面及堅持努力各層面具有預測力。 依據上述結論，本研究提出幾點建議以供志願服務機構及未來相關研究參考。The purpose of this research is to investigate the issue about the relationships between social education volunteer’s personal background, social supports, sources of self-efficacy and self-efficacy based on data collected in Social Education Center. To target at the aim mentioned above, the researcher makes use of the method of social survey. We recruited the volunteers of Social Education Center in Hsinchu, Tainan, Taitung, Taipei and Koashiung to fill out the questionnaires sent to them by mail and mailed back with 316 copies. The content of questionnaires included three main variables: social support, self-efficacy and sources of self-efficacy. The data was analyzed with One-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson’s product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. 1.The volunteers of Social Education Center pointed out that tangible supports are highest, the following is emotion at support and informational support. 2.The volunteers’ self-efficacy revealed that mission achievement is better than persistence of hard-working. 3.Self-efficacy showed differences in six personal background variables. The six variables are gender, age, service years, weekly service hours, past volunteer experiences, and type of volunteer work. 4.The more social supports the volunteers receive, the more self-efficacy they have. 5.The more successful experiences sources or the less failed experiences sources the volunteer encountered, the more self-efficacy they built in. However, there is no relationship between self-efficacy and behavior model sources. 6.The overall self-efficacy and mission achievement, persistence of working-hard, self-efficacy can be predicted by some volunteers’ personal backgrounds, social supports and sources of self-efficacy. Based on the above conclusions, this study provides several useful suggestions for the voluntary organizations and the future researches.