新聞作為法律華語教材的設計探討

Abstract

在現有的專業華語教材中，以法律為主軸的教材相對較少。目前僅有中國出版的《法律漢語：商事篇》和《中國法律專業漢語教程》，難以滿足在臺生活的華語學習者對法律知識的需求。這兩本專書的材料來源包括法制專欄文章、法律科普書籍和編者自編的對話課文等，但未涵蓋法律新聞，而法律新聞是法律知識學習中不可忽視的角色，因此本研究認為此一領域值得進一步開發。選擇法律新聞為材料的原因如下：首先，由於法律不會頻繁更動，相較一般新聞，法律新聞的穩定性較高，因此法律新聞教材的時效性佳。其次，新聞不僅易獲取，在語言和文化方面也能提供諸多益處。第三，相對法學專著或法律期刊論文，法律新聞更易理解，對學習法律知識有所助益。本研究遵循「針對性」、「科學性」、「實用性」、「趣味性」四項教材編寫原則，並依法源位階體系編排課程大綱。編寫完成後，進行同儕評鑑和外籍生評鑑。根據同儕的建議修訂教材，並透過外籍生反饋評估教學成效。研究結果顯示，學習者肯定新聞在語言、法律知識與文化學習上的應用，將電視新聞與報刊新聞整合到教材中有助激發學習興趣。此外，通過小組討論的方式練習法律案例有效促進法律知識學習，也能增進同儕交流。最後，本研究總結了法律新聞華語教材之特色和編寫要點，並思考如何平衡語言和法律知識的比重，提出未來可持續發展的建議。In the realm of Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP) materials, there is a relative scarcity of resources dedicated to law. Currently, only two publications originating from China, namely Legal Chinese (Business Chapter) and An Academic Chinese Course for Chinese Law, are available. This scarcity poses a challenge in meeting the legal knowledge needs of Mandarin learners in Taiwan. The materials in these two books encompass legal columns, legal popular science books, and dialogues self-compiled by the authors. However, they do not cover legal news. Since legal news plays an indispensable role in learning legal knowledge, this research believes that this area is worth further development.The reasons for selecting legal news as materials are threefold. First, owing to the infrequent changes in law compared to general news, legal news offers greater stability, making it excellent for maintaining the timeliness of teaching materials. Second, news is not only easily accessible but also provides various benefits in terms of language and culture. Third, relative to specialized legal books or legal journal articles, legal news is more easily comprehensible, providing assistance in learning legal knowledge.This study adheres to the principles of being “targeted,” “scientific,”“practical,” and “interesting.” in developing teaching materials and organizes the course outline according to the legal source hierarchy. Upon completion of the development, peer reviews and assessments by foreign students are conducted. The materials are then revised based on peer reviews, and teaching effectiveness is evaluated through feedback from foreign students.Research results affirm that learners find the application of news beneficial for language, legal knowledge, and cultural learning. Integrating TV news and newspaper news into teaching materials helps spark interest in learning. Additionally, practicing legal cases through group discussions effectively enhances the acquisition of legal knowledge and fosters peer communication. Finally, this study summarizes the distinctive features of CSP materials centered on legal news and developmental points, while also considering how to strike a balance between language and legal knowledge. It also presents suggestions for future sustainable development.