父女互動之個案研究－以六月齡為例

Abstract

本研究旨在採用個案研究，以一名父親及其六個月大女嬰為研究對象，以了解父親與嬰幼兒的親子互動狀況。本研究採次級資料分析，使用互動行為編碼系統（Coding Interactive Behavior，CIB）分析此個案父親於女嬰六月大時的互動，包括父親的敏感度（跟隨、模仿、闡述、父母共享注意力、正向情感、聲音適宜、情感適宜、足智多謀、親密觸摸、支持性存在、風格一致性）、侵入性（肢體操弄、強迫、父母負面情感、敵意、父母焦慮）、父母沮喪及父母熱情四面向之互動行為；女嬰的參與度（共享注意力、幼兒正向情感、最高覺醒度、疲勞、發聲、發起）及退縮性（幼兒負面情緒、退縮）兩面向之互動行為；父親與女嬰的互動性（二元互惠、調適、流暢度）及負面狀態（受限、緊張）兩面向之互動行為。研究結果顯示，父親整體敏感度較低、身體上的侵入性較強，而情感表露方面較為內隱與含蓄，屬於中等程度以上的主導；女嬰整體參與度及退縮性皆較低，屬於較低程度的主導；雙方整體互動性及負面狀態皆較低，二元互動狀況有所受限，常中斷無法延續、擴展，顯得較不協調。根據上述研究結果，本研究為國內親職教育中父親與嬰幼兒的親子互動行為提供更多的資料基礎。This research aimed to investigate interaction between a father and his six-month-old daughter using the Coding Interactive Behavior（CIB）system. The dimensions investigated in the current study include parental sensitivity（acknowledging, imitating, elaborating, joint attention, positive affect, vocal appropriateness, appropriate range of affect, resourcefulness, affectionate touch, supportive presence, consistency of style）, parental intrusiveness（forcing-physical manipulation, overriding-intrusiveness, parent negative affect, hostility, parent anxiety）, parent depressed mood, parent enthusiasm, infant’s involvement（joint attention, child positive affect, alert, fatigue, vocalization, initiation）, infant’s withdrawal（child negative emotionality, withdrawal）and both parties’ reciprocity（dyadic reciprocity, adaptation- regulation, fluency）and negative states（constriction, tension）. The results of the study showed that father had lower sensitivity, stronger physical intrusiveness, and more implicit and restrained emotional expression, indicating a moderate level of dominance. Infant’s involvement and withdrawal were both low, indicating a lower level of dominance. Both parties had lower reciprocity and negative states, and the binary interaction was limited, often interrupted and unable to continue or expend, appearing incoherent. The results of the current study would provide an empirical basis for designing educational programs to enhance positive father-child interaction.