國民中小學體罰問題之調查研究

Abstract

本研究旨在調查近年來國民小學教師、學生及家長對體罰問題的看法，以及在中小學實施體罰的現況資料，並參酌英美等先進國家所採行的合理體罰方式之實施成效，提出因應措施，以供教育行政主管做決策之參考。本研究調查對象係為台灣地區各國民中小學52所學校教師2191人、家長1312人、及學生6941 人。調查表分為教師用、家長用、及學生用三種。調查項目包括:實施體罰的原因、方式、次數與效果、體罰後師生的反應與心態、以及實施合理體罰的內涵及限制條件等。本調查結果顯示：1.在認知上，多數教師、家長及學生都認為「獎懲並用」及「勸導善誘」的方式，最能改正學生的不良行為與提高學生的學業成績。 2.唯在實際行動上，約有87.2的老師，承認曾經在一個學期內體罰學生一次或以上，更有92.8的學生表示曾受體罰，其中尚有23的學生在一個學期內就受體罰5至10次。3.有一部份教師出（45.7）、家長（55.6）及學生（42.9）表示家長曾要求教師體罰其子女，而一般教師最常用採用的體罰方式依序為「打手心」、「罰站」、「打臀部」、「罰勞動服務」、與「半蹲」等等。4.絕大多數的教師（95.5）、家長（90.1）、及學生（79．9）認為只要不造成傷害，適度的體罰是可以容許的。5.倘若允許適度體罰，多數受訪者贊同應由導師執行體罰最適當，所採用的體罰方式底限於「打手心」、「罰站」、與「罰勞動服務」等等。6.適度體罰的實施原則有:需先行警告再體罰、說明被罰理由、依個別犯錯輕重決定是否徵求家長同意、需建立被罰學生的申訴管道等。綜合上述調查結果，並參考英美等先進國家實施合理體罰的辦法，本研究人員提出近程、中程、及長程三個因應方案，做為解決我國中小學體罰問題爭議的參考。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the views and facts of corporal punishment byteachers, students, and parents in recent years. In addition, a practicable program for the government to solve the problems arising from corporal punishment is proposed. The subjects are choson from 52 elementary and junior high schools in Taiwan, including2191 teachers. 1312 parents, and 6941 students. Three sets of questionnaires are provided forteachers, parents, and students respectively. The results of this investigation are: 1. Cognitively most teachers, parents, and students regard both reward-punishment and exhortation as the better ways to correct students misbehavior and to increase students arievement. 2. Practically 87.2 of the teachers admit that they practiced corporal punishment onec ormore than once last semester. And 92.8 of the students acknowledge that they have beenpunished corporally. Among them 23 were punished 5-10 times in a semester. 3. Teachers (45.7), patents (55.6). and students (84). admit that parents have askedteachers to punish their children. And the most pervasive forms of corporal punishment usedby teachers are "plam swatting", "standing", "spanking", "forced labor", and "bending". 4. Teachers (95.5). parents (90.1), and students (79.9) agree that as long as no injury is inflicted, proper corporal punishment is permissible. 5. If proper corporal punishment is allowed, a set of guidelines must be established to befollowed by the school and approved by a higher educational authority.