在地銀髮族健康促進生活型態與主觀幸福感相關研究－以臺南市安定區為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討在地銀髮族健康促進生活型態與主觀幸福感之相關因素。以臺南市安定區在地銀髮族為研究對象，採分層集束抽樣法抽取樣本，進行橫斷式問卷調查，共獲有效問卷340份。資料經SPSS22.0處理分析後，重要發現如下： 一、 研究對象中男生占45%、女生占55%，年齡平均為72歲，有配偶者占71.5%。研究對象健康促進生活型態中的健康習慣、健康責任、健康飲食、規律運動、口腔保健皆屬中上程度，僅社區參與較差，屬中下程度。研究對象主觀幸福感中的自主性、環境掌控、個人成長、與他人的正向關係、生活目標、自我接納等皆持有正向態度。 二、 研究對象的健康促進生活型態中除了「健康責任」與背景變項無關外，有配偶者、有參與社區活動者、自覺健康狀況越好者其「健康習慣」、「社區參與」、「健康飲食」、「規律運動」、「口腔保健」等健康促進生活型態都較好；而年齡越大者、罹病數愈多者則較差。另外，有受教育者、有參與社區活動者、自覺健康狀況越好者，其主觀幸福感較佳；而年齡越大者、罹病數越多者，其主觀幸福感則較差。而研究對象的「健康習慣」、「社區參與」、「健康責任」、「健康飲食」、「規律運動」、「口腔保健」等健康促進生活型態越好，其主觀幸福感也越佳。 三、 研究對象的背景變項、健康促進生活型態可以有效預測其主觀幸福感，並可解釋其總變異量之23.6%，其中以自覺健康狀況、健康習慣、教育程度、參與社區活動、健康責任為主要預測變項，並以自覺健康狀況與健康習慣的預測力最大。研究顯示，自覺健康狀況、健康習慣、健康責任越好者，有受教育者及參與社區活動者其主觀幸福感越高。 本研究提出多項建議，供有關單位做為改善銀髮族健康促進生活型態與主觀幸福感之參考。Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the factors relating to the health promotion lifestyles and subjective well-being of local elderly. Local elderly of Anding District, Tainan City were used as research subjects, with stratified cluster sampling to undertake a cross-sectional questionnaire study. 340 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0, with the following important findings: 1、 Among the research subjects, 45% were men and 55% were women, with average age of 72; 71.5% were married. Among research subjects, healthy habits, health responsibility, healthy diet, regular exercise, and oral care in health promotion lifestyles were all medium or above, except for poorer community participation, at medium or below. The research subjects’ autonomy, environmental control, personal development, positive relationships with others, life goals, and self-acceptance in subjective well-being were all positive. 2、 Among research subjects, in health promotion lifestyles, other than “health responsibility” which did not relate to background variables, those who were married, participated in community events, have better self-perceptions of their own health also have better health promotion lifestyles including “healthy habits,” “community participation,” “healthy diet,” “regular exercise,” and “oral care”; these are worse for those who are older or have more illnesses. In addition, subjective well-being is better for those who are educated, participated in community events, and have better self-perceptions of their own health. Those who are older and more illnesses have worse subjective well-being. Research subjects’ health promotion lifestyles involving “healthy habits,” “community participation,” “health responsibility,” “healthy diet,” “regular exercise,” and “oral care” would also have better subjective well-being. 3、 The background variables and health promotion lifestyles of subjects can effectively predict their subjective well-being, explaining 23.6% of total variance. Among these, self-perception of health, healthy habits, education, participation in community events, and health responsibility are the main indicators, with self-perception of health and healthy habits having the greatest predictive ability. The study shows that those with greater self-perception of health, healthy habits, and health responsibility, and are educated and participated in community events have greater subjective well-being. This study proposed several suggestions to be utilized as reference for relevant authorities in improving the health promotion lifestyles and subjective well-being of the elderly.