緣觀信念對未受孕女性心理適應與婚姻品質的影響：探討自我批判與自我關懷的中介角色

Abstract

本研究旨在探討緣觀信念與未受孕女性個人心理適應及婚姻品質表現之關係，並進一步了解自我批判與自我關懷是否有其中介效果。本研究對象為25歲至未滿50歲的未受孕女性，採用方便取樣，邀請符合資格的網路社群成員與研究者周邊親友填答線上調查問卷。考量女性面對不孕情境之範疇特殊性，首先在現有量表基礎下編修未受孕女性緣觀信念量表，以預試研究的98份參與者資料，檢驗此研究工具之結構與信效度；接著使用正式研究194份參與者資料，檢驗緣觀信念、自我批判／自我關懷與未受孕女性心理適應及婚姻品質表現之關係。研究結果指出：（1）認命型緣觀信念與較低的自我價值感、較高度的負向婚姻品質有關；（2）竭盡全力型緣觀信念在各項心理適應及婚姻品質表現的路徑係數皆未達顯著水準，甚至與預期的假設方向不甚符合；（3）適可而止型緣觀信念則與較低度的憂鬱、較低度的負向婚姻品質、較高度的自我價值感，以及較高度的安適幸福感皆有關；（4）認命型緣觀信念會透過增強自我批判，進而增加憂鬱和負向婚姻品質，同時降低自我價值感與安適幸福感；（5）竭盡全力型緣觀信念透過自我批判，進而增加憂鬱、減少自我價值感和安適幸福感，效果不顯著但有此趨勢；（6）適可而止型緣觀信念不僅能透過緩解自我批判，降低憂鬱和負向婚姻品質、提升自我價值感和安適幸福感，也能透過促進自我關懷，進而提升自我價值感。最後依據研究結果提供實務工作者相關建議，並針對本研究之限制與未來方向進行討論。

This study aims to explore the relationship between ‘yuan(緣)’ beliefs, individual psychological adjustment and marital quality of infertile women, and to further understand whether self-criticism and self-compassion have mediating effects. The subjects of this study were infertile women aged between 25 and 50. Convenience sampling was adopted, and qualified members of the online community and relatives and friends around the researcher were invited to fill in the online questionnaire. Considering the domain-specificity of women facing infertility situations, the Infertility Belief Scale was revised for infertile women. By testing with the data of 98 participants in the pilot study, the structure, reliability and validity of this revised scale were all acceptable. The data of 194 participants in a formal study was analyzed to examine the relationship among infertile women’s yuan beliefs, self-criticism, self-compassion, the psychological adjustment, and marital quality. The research results pointed out that: (1) Fate-confessing-type Yuan Beliefs were related to lower self-esteem and higher negative marital quality; (2) the path coefficients of All-out-effort-type Yuan Beliefs in various psychological adjustments and marital quality, none of them reached a significant level, and even did not meet the expected hypothetical direction; (3) Enough-is-enough-type Yuan Beliefs were associated with lower depression, lower negative marital quality, higher self-esteem, and higher peace of mind; (4) the mediating effect of self-criticism was positive and significant on the path from Fate-confessing-type Yuan Beliefs to depression and negative marital quality, and negative and significant on the path to self-esteem and peace of mind; (5) the mediating effect of self-criticism was positive and significant on the path from All-out-effort-type Yuan Beliefs to depression, and negative and significant on the path to self-esteem and peace of mind. The effect is not significant but there was a trend; (6) not only the mediating effect of self-criticism was negative and significant on the path from Enough-is-enough-type Yuan Beliefs to depression and negative marital quality, and positive and significant on the path to self-esteem and peace of mind, but also the mediating effect of self-compassion was positive and significant on the path to self-esteem. Finally, according to the research results, relevant suggestions for practitioners were provided, and the limitations and future directions of this research were discussed.