古琴（先攵）音研究
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Date
2018-11-??
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國立臺灣師範大學音樂學院
College of Music, NTNU
College of Music, NTNU
Abstract
（先攵）音，是演奏古琴時，右手彈撥、左手按弦所發出的雜音。造成（先攵）音的原因，或因「琴弦不良」，或因「琴面不平」，或因「岳山、龍齦太低」，或因「琴面弧度錯誤」。「琴弦不良」，常是弦上有微細顆粒，只要除去之，或更換琴弦，即可解決。「琴面不平」，又可分為「制作不良」、「日久變形」、「斷紋」三個原因，藉由蘸水打磨、補灰等技術，即可磨平琴面。「岳、齦太低」，本為彈奏手感舒適，卻因琴弦靠近琴面，對琴面的制作要求更高。「琴面弧度錯誤」，是由於對琴弦與琴面的關係認識錯誤所致。架在琴上的琴弦，並非平直如矢，而是中段下垂；理想的琴面，也要相對應地向下凹陷。透過「前三後二」的方法，做出正確的琴面弧度，在這個弧度的基礎上，將漆面打磨平整，並以「前一指、後一紙」的標準來規定琴弦與琴面的高度，彈奏時即能避免（先攵）音而手感舒適。
The ＂xian sound＂ refers to the murmur produced when the performer's right hand plucks the string and the left hand presses the string in the playing of guqin. The following four factors can contribute to the production of these murmurs: 1. bad strings, 2. uneven surface on guqin, 3. low Yueshan (mountain) and Longyin (dragon's gums) and 4. wrong curve on the arc surface. The problem with bad strings can be corrected by clearing the dusts on the strings or simply replacing new strings. Uneven surface can be the result of poor craftsmanship in production or long-term use and broken lines, which can be repaired by dipping the instrument in water and polishing it with powder. With low Yueshan and Longyin, it is easier for the player to perform because the strings are closer to the body of guqin; however it is all the more demanding in the production of the instrument. Wrong curve in the arc surface can be caused by the misconception or miscalculation in the relationship between the strings and the body of the instrument. The strings on the guqin are not completely straight, but they droop in the middle; therefore the ideal surface of a guqin must slightly sink in the middle. With the measurement of ＂front three and rear two,＂ the correct curve for the body of guqin can be yielded. Based upon the radian, the lacquer can be polished, flattened, and perfected according to the criteria of ＂one finger in the front and a piece of paper in the rear.＂ When the height between the strings and the body can be properly adjusted, the performers can eliminate the production of ＂xian sound＂ while at the same time maintain physical comfort guqin performance.
The ＂xian sound＂ refers to the murmur produced when the performer's right hand plucks the string and the left hand presses the string in the playing of guqin. The following four factors can contribute to the production of these murmurs: 1. bad strings, 2. uneven surface on guqin, 3. low Yueshan (mountain) and Longyin (dragon's gums) and 4. wrong curve on the arc surface. The problem with bad strings can be corrected by clearing the dusts on the strings or simply replacing new strings. Uneven surface can be the result of poor craftsmanship in production or long-term use and broken lines, which can be repaired by dipping the instrument in water and polishing it with powder. With low Yueshan and Longyin, it is easier for the player to perform because the strings are closer to the body of guqin; however it is all the more demanding in the production of the instrument. Wrong curve in the arc surface can be caused by the misconception or miscalculation in the relationship between the strings and the body of the instrument. The strings on the guqin are not completely straight, but they droop in the middle; therefore the ideal surface of a guqin must slightly sink in the middle. With the measurement of ＂front three and rear two,＂ the correct curve for the body of guqin can be yielded. Based upon the radian, the lacquer can be polished, flattened, and perfected according to the criteria of ＂one finger in the front and a piece of paper in the rear.＂ When the height between the strings and the body can be properly adjusted, the performers can eliminate the production of ＂xian sound＂ while at the same time maintain physical comfort guqin performance.