臺灣華語語氣助詞honnh、hannh、eh的語用功能分析及教學建議——以Podcast會話為例

Abstract

語氣助詞在口語對話中扮演著表達語氣、傳遞情感與促進互動的重要角色（胡清國，2008；齊滬揚，2002）。其中honnh、hannh、eh是臺灣華語口語中最常出現的語氣助詞之一（吳佩怡，2006；Lin，2014；Tseng& Gibbon，2006）。透過前人的文獻發現，使用自然對話語料分析的臺灣華語語氣助詞相關的研究較少。本研究即以Podcast節目中的自然對話為語料，探討臺灣華語語氣助詞honnh、hannh、eh的語用功能與核心語義。 本研究共蒐集Podcast中男性對談、女性對談及男女對談共26個單集，辨識出839筆包含honnh、hannh及eh語氣助詞的語料。研究結果顯示，honnh具備六項語用功能：銜接語篇、確認互動、表達情感、引起共鳴、緩和語氣及附和回應，其核心語義為「請求協商」；hannh亦有六項語用功能：表達驚訝、評價情緒、表達疑問、緩衝立場、施加語勢及加強命令，其核心語義為「要求回應」；eh則展現七項語用功能：引起共鳴、引導話題、表達驚訝、緩和語氣、延宕語氣、確認互動及附和回應，其核心語義為「互動邀請」。 本研究並以語氣助詞honnh為例，提出涵蓋語用意識建立、理解與產出的三階段漸進式教學策略，供華語教學者於教學現場中補充臺灣華語語氣助詞之語用教學，盼能提升在臺華語學習者對語氣助詞之聽力理解與口語表達能力。Modal particles play an important role in spoken discourse by expressing tone, conveying emotions, and promoting interaction (Hu, 2008；Qi, 2002). Among them, honnh, hannh, and eh are some of the most frequently used modal particles in spoken Taiwanese Mandarin (Lin, 2014; Tseng& Gibbon, 2006; Wu, 2006). Previous studies indicate that there is a lack of research analyzing Taiwanese Mandarin modal particles based on naturally occurring conversational data. This study, therefore, uses natural dialogue from Podcast episodes as its corpus to explore the pragmatic functions and core meanings of the modal particles honnh, hannh, and eh in Taiwanese Mandarin. A total of 26 Podcast episodes were collected, covering male, female, and mixed-gender conversations, with 839 utterances identified. Results show that honnh has six pragmatic functions: discourse cohesion, interactional confirmation, emotional expression, expectancy of resonance, softening of commands, and affiliative response, with the core meaning of “negotiation-seeking.” Hannh also has six functions: surprise, emotional expression, question modality, softening stance, pressuring stance and intensified commands with the core meaning “response-requesting.” Eh displays seven functions: seeking resonance and affiliation, initiating topics, expressing surprise, softening tone, signaling hesitation, interactional confirmation, and affiliative response, with the core meaning “interaction-inviting.”Based on the findings, this study proposes a three-step progressive instructional strategy—awareness, comprehension, and production—using honnh as an example, offering practical guidance for integrating modal particle instruction into Chinese language classrooms to enhance learners’ listening and speaking abilities.