幽默手法應用於兒童繪本創作研究

Abstract

幽默感是一種令人喜愛且能從小培養的人格特質，而繪本是比教科書更令兒童印象深刻的讀物，幽默也是兒童繪本中重要的表現方式與傳遞訊息的手法。目前與幽默性繪本相關的研究多為以親子共讀進而探討兒童幽默理解之學術論文，其中缺乏創作實務驗證研究，因此本研究目的以創作實證方式進行幽默手法之探究，並運用與其相呼應的表現方式創作出三至八歲幼兒與兒童適讀之幽默性繪本。

在方法上首先釐清幽默與繪本之相關論述，包括分析兒童繪本風格、幽默手法應用於不同載體之共同點、幼兒與兒童對繪本中幽默之認知等作為創作之理論基礎。於案例分析上，取樣對象為三項知名國際繪本大獎十年內之得獎繪本，分析其圖像與幽默表現手法，總結出之幽默手法可分為圖畫、文字、圖文對照與主題等四個面向：一、圖畫方面包括荒謬或與現實不符的事物、脫離社會規範的行為、出糗窘態、惡作劇行為、擬人擬物化、裝扮奇異、滑稽誇張的表情或動作、形體尺寸與形狀誇張化、細節的樂趣等九項手法；二、文字方面包括詼諧的言語或敘述以及雙關語等兩項手法；三、圖文對照方面包含出乎預料的失諧、頁面間重複性的幽默以及圖文不一致等三項手法；四、主題方面為貼近日常生活的主題。

歸納整理前述學理與案例分析之要點，導入創作實務驗證，以「認知自我價值」作為幽默性繪本創作題材主軸，完成作品《你有我沒有》之設計創作，並與前述理論及案例研究交互檢核，獲致結論為：一、幽默手法可分為圖畫、文字、圖文對照以及主題等四大類；二、「荒謬或與現實不符的事物」為幽默性繪本運用最頻繁之手法；三、創作中同時運用多種幽默手法能使傳達效果倍增；四、創作中利用錯版以及墨色不均的表現方式與幽默手法相呼應。

A sense of humor is an appealing personality trait which can be cultivated at a very young age. Picture books impress the children more than textbooks do because of the funny expression. The current researches related to humorous picture books are about parent-child book-reading interactions and then further exploring children's understanding of humor. Among those academic papers, there is a lack of research on the design practice and verification. Therefore, this thesis aims at empirically exploring the means of humor to create humorous picture books for children from three-year-olds to eight-year-olds.

I first clarify the relevant discussion between humor and picture books, including the analysis of picture books' styles, the common features of humor used in different subjects, and children's recognition of humor in picture books, as the theoretical basis for my design. In case analysis, samples are the winning picture books within the recent ten years from three well-known international Picture Book Awards. Via the examination of their pictures and the expression of humor, I summarize that the humor techniques can be divided into four essential aspects: I. Pictures: nine means including absurd or imaginative things, antisocial behavior, embarrassments, pranks, anthropomorphism, bizarre dress-up, funny and exaggerated expressions, exaggeration of sizes and shapes, and pleasure hidden in details. II. Texts: two means including humorous narratives and puns. III. Links between Words and Images: three means including unexpected incongruity, repetitive humor between pages, and the inconsistency between texts and pictures. IV. Themes: subjects about daily life.

I put the main points of the theory mentioned above and case analysis into practice. Based on the theme—Recognizing Self-worth—of humorous picture books, I design the work You Got Something I Need. I draw a conclusion from the interactive examination: First, the humor expression can be divided into pictures, texts, links between words and images, and themes. Second, the use of "absurd or imaginative things" is the most frequent means of humorous picture books. Third, the use of multiple humorous means in design is more effective in expression than one means. Fourth, the deliberate printing errors and uneven colors in design correspond with humorous techniques.