從黑面琵鷺的驛站看臺江區域特色

Abstract

「抐桮 飛過冰天 飛過雪地 飛到曾文溪」，「抐桮 飛來府城王城西 飛到七股曾文溪」，臺江曾文溪口濕地、四草濕地的特殊地位―黑面琵鷺的驛站，瀕危動物黑面琵鷺，以此當做第二家園。 遠在北國之境的風中旅者，為何攜家帶眷，翱翔數千里，造訪東亞台灣呢?是臺江傳統淺坪虱目魚養殖，秋收後殘存的魚蝦；也是曾文溪口濕地，涵養的無限小生物，提供候鳥豐厚的食物。 1823年暴風雨引發「青瞑蛇」曾文溪大改道，臺江內海陸浮，安南區及七股區大部分土地於焉形成。居民圍墾為塭，養殖虱目魚，塭池聚落名稱、虱目魚料理，形塑出台南虱目魚特色。「數魚苗歌」，唱唸出臺江虱目魚文化。 臺江早期是浩淼內海，是水深海闊逐鹿台灣的古戰場，也曾是明清叱吒風雲的國際貿易港，然而滄海桑田是臺江最好的寫照，七股潟湖是內海最大的遺跡，蚵架是潟湖美麗的風景，養牡蠣挖蚵仔是沿海生蚵嫂的經濟來源。 各種海鮮美食、虱目魚加工產品、蚵棚風光、鹽田遺跡、安平遺址、古運河隧道，形成新興觀光產業，替代演繹傳統產業，形塑黑面琵鷺的驛站－臺江的新風貌。 關鍵詞 : 黑面琵鷺，虱目魚，七股，臺江，曾文溪口溼地 A ballad said, “Black-faced spoonbills fly over snow season and snow land, gound on Tseng-Wen River. Black-faced spoonbills fly to the western Anping of Tainan and to Cigu Tseng-Wen River. “ This song indicates that the endangered black-faced spoonbills take Taijiang as their second hometown due to the wetlands enviroment of Tseng-Wen River and Cicao. Why do these northern travelers fly thousand miles with their families to East Asia —Taiwan? Plentiful food for the migratory birds is the answer, no matter the cultivation of milkfish but also the biodiversity of Tseng-Wen River wetlands. In 1823, severe rainstorm triggered Tseng-Wen River’s diversion that caused lands emerged from the Taijiang inland sea. Most of lands in Annan district and Cigu district was formed in this way. Local residents cultivated fish farms to breed milkfish. Therefore, the gatherings of fish farms and dishes of milkfish characterised Tainan’s milkfish culture as the description in the song of “ Counting Fingerling”. Taijiang used to be a wide inland sea and an ancient battlefield in Taiwan. It was also a famed international habor in Ming and Qing Dynasty. Nevertheless, time brings great changes to Taijiang. The biggest remnant of inland sea remains Cigu lagoon. Oyster racks become the beautiful scene of lagoon. Moreover, oyster cultivation and harvest become the major economic sources for the female locals. Newly tourism industries formed by various of sea food, processed food of milkfish, scene of oyster racks, salt-pan remnant, Anping site and tunnels of acient canal are replacing traditional industries gradually. They also create the stunning scene of Taijiang, the home of black-faced spoonbills.