國立歷史博物館高齡者無障礙環境之個案研究

Abstract

高齡人口驟增所激起對高齡者權益之重視，如何顧及高齡者隨年齡增長產生之身心變化所造成在行動與學習上較一般人不便之處，避免高齡者在使用博物館時受傷或多受阻礙，是博物館責無旁貸的重點預防工作。 執此，本研究基於無障礙環境應回歸以使用者為本位，試圖透過觀察及訪談等方法瞭解國立歷史博物館高齡者無障礙環境設置現況、參觀國立歷史博物館之高齡者特性及其對博物館無障礙環境之使用及知覺情形。 研究結果發現參觀歷史博物館之高齡者生理變化主要在運動機能及感覺機能上，對博物館無障礙環境之知覺到障礙部分則主要在大眾交通運輸、廁所、樓梯、走廊通道、燈光及展示說明，知覺到無障礙部分在電梯使用，與國立歷史博物館高齡者無障礙環境設置現況檢核結果大致相同。 依據上述研究結果，本研究提出幾項建議，在博物館方面，建議博物館應針對高齡者之障礙知覺部分進行環境改善；在未來研究方面，則建議後續研究者針對聽力衰退之高齡者進行更深入的探討或進行高齡者於較需實際操作之動態博物館的使用情形研究。The drastic increasing of elderly people calls for attentions to the rights of the elderly. Compared with ordinary people, the elderly are believed to have more inconveniences in motions and in learning due to physical and mental changes with age. Therefore, it should be top priority for museums to prevent the elderly from injuries or obstacles when using the space. To discuss the barrier-free environment, it should focus on the users themselves. Accordingly, this study adopts participatory observations and interviews to investigate the barrier-free facilities for elderly people in National Museums of History, and to analyze the characteristics of these elderly museumgoers, the ways they use the space and their spatial perceptions. This study discovers that the physical changes of these elderly museumgoers mainly consist in kinetic and sensory functions. The obstacles that they perceived in these museums’ barrier-free environments include public transportation, rest rooms, stairs, halls, lights, and demonstrations while they perceive no obstacles in using elevators. This discovery basically corresponds to the existing conditions of barrier-free facilities examined in National Museums of History. In view of the above-mentioned discoveries, this thesis offers two suggestions. For the museums, this thesis suggests that museums should improve the barrier-free environment on several parts that are especially perceived as obstacles for the elderly. For future studies, I suggest that they focus on the elderly with hearing problems or explore on dynamic museums that require practical operations by the elderly.