女性樂團指揮家生涯發展歷程之敘事分析

Abstract

本研究旨在探討三位女性樂團指揮家—許瀞心老師、張佳韻老師及鍾安妮老師之生涯發展歷程，研究者運用敘事分析，透過訪談、帶團觀察錄影、音樂會演出及研究者反思札記蒐集資料，撰寫成女性指揮家生涯發展歷程的故事。本研究主要的研究發現如下： 一、 生涯發展歷程之脈絡 （一） 三位女性樂團指揮家音樂生涯發展歷程起步甚早，經年累月逐步累積成為指揮家，屬於女性生涯發展風格中的「穩定職業型」。 （二） 留學異國的經驗，受到文化與教育理念的衝擊與震撼，對在臺灣接受音樂教育的三位研究參與對象，日後在追求音樂專業發展路上皆帶來關鍵影響。 （三） 三位研究參與對象除了專職的工作，從早年至今，都分別跨足多元類型與領域的工作。 （四） 在轉任高等音樂教育教職之後，都成為熱愛教學、極富教學熱忱的高等音樂教育工作者。 （五） 本研究三位研究參與對象皆未婚，無法得知婚姻及育兒對全力發展指揮專業事業是否產生影響。 二、 在專業領域的成功因素 （一） 個人與心理因素：三位指揮家都具備了：1. 自信而熱情；2. 講求原則得以受到團員尊重；3. 深具領導魅力；4. 大器、誠懇與就事論事等個人心理特質。 （二） 社會與人際因素：包含來自關鍵重要師長或友人的重要他人的啟蒙與啟發，以及與家人關係親密，在指揮專業路上的發展得到家人全力的支持。 （三） 教學與帶團策略：對音樂懷抱熱情，以及自律與自我要求的能力之教學與帶團策略，是走上成功指揮專業最基本的能力之一。 參、身為女性的性別經驗 一、 生涯發展歷程並無因身為女性而被打壓或受到歧視的經歷，不過三位研究參與對象都曾經從女性友人得知對方被歧視的經驗，認同指揮領域仍存在性別刻板印象。 二、 運用身為女性指揮家的身分，轉化對女性身分及性別刻板印象。 三、 給有志從事指揮女性的建言，專業樂團指揮家的養成無關性別，成功的關鍵在於專業能力與人格特質。

本研究最後根據研究結果提出數項建議，供家庭教育、學校音樂教育、音樂從業人員及未來研究之參考。This thesis analyzes the career development of three female orchestra conductors, including Xu Jingxin, Zhang Jiayun and Zhong Anni, by conducting the method of narrative analysis. Their stories are constructed based on my several interviews with them, video observation, attending live concerts and the researcher’s reflective journal. Research findings are stated as follows: A. The career development of becoming a professional conductor. 1. All three female conductors had an early start of their music career and gradually became a professional conductor. They can be categorized as ‘stable working career pattern’. 2. For these three research participants who received early music education in Taiwan, the cultural shock and different education philosophy brought by their own experiences of studying abroad undoubtedly have a great influence on their music career development. 3. Apart from having a professional job, these three research participants play multiple roles in their diverse working life. 4. The three conductors became increasingly enthusiastic about teaching since they began to work in the universities. 5. All three research participants are unmarried. It remains unknown whether marriage and parenting have impact on the professional conductor career development. B. The factors of being successful in their fields. 1. In terms of personality and mental quality, all three research participants are: (1) confident and passionate; (2) ‘persons of principle’ and respected by orchestra members; (3) charismatic leaders; (4) generous, sincere and rational. 2. In terms of interpersonal relationships, all three research participants were enlightened and/or inspired by some ‘significant other’ and have close relationships with family who give fully support to their conductor career. 3. In terms of attitudes and principles of teaching and leading an orchestra, the three research participants are always passionate about music and highly self-disciplined. C. Gender experience as women. 1. All three research participants never perceived gender oppression and gender discrimination. However, they all heard about the experience of discrimination from their female friends and believe that gender stereotypes still exist in the business of conducting. 2. Being female orchestra conductors, they try to break the gender stereotype. 3. It is not about gender but professional skills and personality that makes one a successful orchestra conductor.

In the end, this study provides several recommendations for family education, school music education, music practitioners and future studies.