柔道大外割引手兩種不同破勢方法之生物力學分析

Abstract

柔道的大外割動作是國內外選手比賽經常使用的有效得分技術動作之一，且適用於各量級選手。柏崎克彥(2010）認為選手在操作大外割技術時，引手45度破勢時，則有效降低被對手反摔的危險性；但引手90度破勢時，被對手反摔的機率往上提升。故本實驗針對引手45度與90度兩種不同破勢方法之大外割動作攻擊型態，以10台Vicon高速攝影機(200Hz)與Kistler 9281(1000Hz)測力板來擷取大外割動作的運動學和動力學等相關參數，每位受試者分別收取8次資料，取較好的3次資料之平均數作為分析，以SPSS統計軟體進行相依樣本t-test分析（p≦.05），得到以下結論： 一、引手45度破勢在破勢期、取位期、施術期、總動作時間皆快於引手90度破勢，且取位期、總動作時間上有顯著差異，顯示引手45度破勢在動作時間較短，在施術上能佔有優勢。 二、施術者取位期時身體重心最高位置，引手45度破勢重心低於引手90度破勢，且有顯著差異，故可以推論在施展引手45度破勢大外割技術時，因為身體重心位置較低的緣故，可減少被對手反摔的機會。 三、施術者攻擊腳的髖、膝、踝關節最大角速度以引手45度破勢較快，其中髖關節、膝關節兩者皆有顯著差異，表示攻擊腳碰撞對手的速度就越快，比較容易使得對手產生一個向後旋轉摔倒的力量。 四、施術者支撐腳最大地面反作用力，兩種不同引手破勢角度並無顯著差異。

Osoto-gari was one of most used techniques by different levels of judoist to win the game. Kashiwazaki Katsuhiko (2010) thought to use osoto-gari of 45 degrees Hikete kuzushi technique can reduce to be thrown by rival to use osoto-gari of 90 degrees Hikete kuzushi technique will add to be thrown by rival. The aim of this study was to compare the difference of 45 degrees Hikete kuzushi technique and traditional 90 degrees Hikete kuzushi technique on the kinematics and kinetics. The 8 judoists participated in this study. Using 10 Vicon Motion System (MX13, VIcon,UK) (200 Hz) and 1 Kistler 9281 (1000Hz) force platform. Each participant collected 8 trials in this study, and use 3 better trials analyze. Used t-test (p≦0.05) analysis in the kinematics and kinetics between the 45 degrees Hikete kuzushi and 90 degrees Hikete kuzushi groups. The results of this study were: 1.Had different Hikete Kuzushi 45 degrees had faster time in Tsukuri time and Movement time. 2.Had different in Hikete Kuzushi 45 degrees had center of gravity (COG) is low in Tsukuri time. 3.Had different Hikete Kuzushi 45 degrees had faster the max degree velocity in hip, knee, and ankle when judoist attacked.It indicated attacked leg to impact rival will get more power to throw the rival. 4.no different was found on maxinun ground reaction force (MGRF) better two technique in the kake time. According to result , the movement of 45 degrees is fast than 90 degrees. We suggest coach and athlete to train the skill is 45 degrees style.