台北縣國民小學辦理外籍配偶識字教育之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解台北縣國民小學辦理外籍配偶識字教育活動之現況及實施成效，並根據研究結果提出結論與建議。 為達上述目的編製「台北縣國民小學辦理外籍配偶識字教育之研究調查問卷」，實施調查問卷，蒐集相關資料。 本研究對象僅以九十二學年度全台北縣65所公立國民小學附設補校為範圍，並以實際擔任台北縣國民小學實施外籍配偶識字教育之承辦主任、幹事及實際任課教師為全面普查研究對象。共發出481份，回收437 份，回收率90.8 ﹪，其中有效問卷423份，無效問卷14份，可用率佔總樣本87.94﹪。再分別以平均數、標準差、次數分配、t考驗、寇克蘭Q考驗、單因子多變項變異數分析、積差相關等進行統計分析，主要發現如下： 一、國民小學辦理外籍配偶識字教育之前的準備工作情形大致良好。 二、國民小學雖重視外籍配偶識字教育教學活動的實施情形，卻較忽略教學策略。 三、國民小學辦理外籍配偶識字教育之成效以學員個人成長較佳，教師成長，學校成長次之，家人支持程度稍顯不足。 四、不同的學歷、補校服務年資在辦理外籍配偶識字教育之準備情形均呈現顯著差異。 五、不同的學歷、補校服務年資、專業研習進修在辦理外籍配偶識字教育之教學活動情形均呈現顯著差異。 六、不同的學歷、補校服務年資、專業研習進修在辦理外籍配偶識字教育之實施成效均呈現顯著差異。七、教師鐘點費過低、學員中輟嚴重、教材編輯困難是辦理外籍配偶識字教育活動之困境。 八、提高授課鐘點費、解決學員輟學因素、開放民間參與以因應辦理外籍配偶識字教育活動之困境。 九、國民小學辦理外籍配偶識字教育三個主要部分：實施前之準備情形、識字教育教學活動、實施之成效三者間有密切關聯。 壹、對教育行政機關的建議 一、 統合各單位以建立外籍配偶識字教育明確發展機制，訂定完整長期發展計畫。 二、 成立指定專人專責機構、負責外籍配偶識字教育輔導研究與發展中心。 三、 從長計議，建立外籍配偶識字教育完整配套措施。 四、 研究建立外籍配偶識字教育發展模式，以為國內落實與推展的重要歷程。 五、 善意的立法，強制「外籍配偶強制入學」的可行性。 六、 舉辦外籍配偶識字教育師資的專業訓練，提升教師教學知能。 七、 訂定有效的外籍配偶識字教育福利獎勵措施，吸引教師、學員參與的意願。 八、 吸納民間資源，推動策略聯盟，開創多元的外籍配偶識字教育管道。 九、 寬籌外籍配偶識字教育經費，開闢多元的外籍配偶識字教育學習管道與機會。 十、積極運用退休教師參加志工之訓練，加入外籍配偶識字教育教學工作行列。 貳、對國民小學行政的建議 一、 訂定長程的外籍配偶識字教育需求與成效評估程序，作為規劃與執行之基礎。 二、 建立學校成為外籍配偶識字教育社區學習資源中心之特色。 三、 積極有效的行銷策略，擴大外籍配偶識字教育的招生效果。 四、主動解決外籍配偶上學各項困擾因素、彈性運用外籍配偶識字教育上課方式。 五、加強外籍配偶識字教育原生母國的語言與文化內涵，回饋與豐富台灣本地的多元價值。 六、建立外籍配偶識字教育多元、有效的家庭支持與社會支援系統。 參、對國民小學教師之建議 一、發展合宜的外籍配偶識字教育學員本位課程設計。 二、強調外籍配偶識字教育教材編選除遵守功能性識字教育外、應尊重原生國之文化特色。 三、採取外籍配偶識字教育活潑多元的教學方式，提升學員學以致用之能力。 四、 、建立外籍配偶識字教育師生適當的關係模式，提升教學效果。 （一）建立平等、互愛、尊重的地位，降低學員心理壓力。 （二）培養善意、接納的氣氛，使學員產生歸屬感。 （三）建立亦師亦友的關係，讓師生間均能「教學相長」獲得雙贏。 五、建立外籍配偶識字教育師生課程評鑑發展之機制，提升教學品質 肆、對未來研究的建議 （一）就研究方法而言：未來從事相同主題的相關研究，若能徵得學校同意，實際進入學校現場，瞭解國小辦理外籍配偶識字教育的理念和做法，將自己融入學校補校教學現場的情境脈絡中，進行外籍配偶識字教育行動或民族誌研究，長期觀察台北縣國小辦理外籍配偶識字教育情形。 （二）就研究對象而言：來研究相關主題，應可將研究範圍擴及全台灣地區，增加研究的樣本數，以提高研究結果的效度。即擴大研究範圍，增加研究對象及樣本，以相互印證或比較。 （三）就研究內容而言：今後的研究或許應增加研究變項，如增加學校背景變項：學校補校班級數，補校成立時間等等。此外依變項的部分或許可增加學員個人成效。The research is showing to bring into practice and effects of the process of the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education of elementary school of the Taipei County, and to address the conclusion and suggestion. For the purpose of the making questionnaire of The process of the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education of elementary school of the Taipei County. It starts questionnaire investigate and information collected. The target is focus the academic year of 92 whom are the public elementary schools have adult education program. Also start to investigated with the deans, administers and teachers. It handout 481 papers with 473 papers back, which is 90.8 percent gets papers back. They are 423 papers valid simples, 14 papers void. Therefore, the usability simple is 89.94 percent. It also compared and calculated under an average, standard differences, proof, Conchran，Q-test ,to gather statistics. It finds out some result following below: 1.They are all well-prepared to work on the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education by elementary schools. 2.Elementary schools all well knows to focus on the education activated, but it less teaching strategy 3.Elementary schools handle the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy educations’ best result is students’ individual performance. And the others are teacher self-growing, schooling growing and a little failure by family support. 4.Varied education level and seniority has a gap obviously and differences by the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education. 5.Varied education level , seniority and specialized field study has a gap obviously and difference by the education activated of the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education. 6.Varied education level , seniority and specialized field study also has a gap obviously and difference by the education activated of the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education while are handling the process. 7. Teachers’ salary, temporary suspension of schooling, editing teaching martial are the difficult situation by the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy educations’ problem of others. 8.Rising teachers’ salary, the problem of student quitting, opening non-governmental visiting to solve the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy educations’ difficult position. 9.There main idea of the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education by elementary school are : pre-prepared, reading activate, and the result are connected each other closely. 1.Suggestions to the government of education department （1）.Reunion all the education departments to build up the developing method, and conclude a long term development. （2）Established a case earmarked for special effort which is handling the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy educations’ counseling and developing center. （3）Well paining to set up a complete education model and system. （4）Researching a good model and system of the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education to be practicable and pushing forwards’ principal progress. （5）Reasonable to institute legal issue to force the entry possibility by the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy educations’ （6）To hold more teacher training and teaching skill of the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy education （7）Making more educated benefits, scholarships to attended leaning pleasure （8）Using non-governments’ resource to open more alliance and mapping out diversification learning for the foreign spouses’ （9）.Increasing more budgets for the education listed, also created more opportunity and environment （10）Positives using retired teachers’ volunteer training to join the teaching system. 2.Suggestions to the administer of education department （1）Making long terms’ education needs and effects to estimate the order for the planning and processing by the foreign spouses’ Chinese literacy educations’ foundation. （2）Set up schools of the spouses’ Chinese literacy educations’ leaning community and showing the distinguishing features （3）Energetic the strategy to attract the foreign spouses attention and to expend the enrollment effect. （4）Actively to solve all problems of foreign spouses and well-using teaching skills for the foreign spouses. （5）Enhance the cultures cultivation and return to original equation to the value of Taiwan diversification （6）Set up more diversification educations for the foreign spouses, and get supports by the family and sociality. 3. Suggestions to the elementary school teachers （1）Developing well education programs for the foreign spouses （2）Emphasis on the teaching material selection, functional education and respect their culture distinguishing features （3）Select and adopt manners by animated educated styles, and to bring up students’ capability. （4）Cate good relationship between students and teachers to bring up the learning effect. Ⅰ.Be equal, loving and respect to reduce students’ pressure. Ⅱ.Be friendly and admit to come into existence to belong to with them. Ⅲ.Build up the relationship between teacher and friends, it will learn lots from each others to be win-win situation. Ⅳ.stablished courses and teachers’ evaluation to raise the teaching qualities. 4.Suggestions for the future researching （1）For the Research method: while working on the same theme of research, if it can get the permission from school to into school to understanding the concept and process, also join the local to knowing all the situations through education activated or nationality research by the long term observation for the foreign spouses Chinese adult education. （2）For the Research target: forthe similar or related the theme, it could be enlarge the area to whole country, also increase the simples to raise up the result more efficiency. On the other hand, to increase the area, target and simples can prove and compare the result for each other. （3）For the Research contents: for the best result, it can be add research variables, for instance school background variable: classes, established year, and such so on. For those variables might be increase students’ learning performance.