臺灣及琉球群島兩地狹口蛙科之生物地理與親緣關係初探

Abstract

分布於遠東地區(臺灣與琉球群島)的四種狹口蛙科經由10種同功異構酶的電泳比較後發現其於肝臟與肌肉中共有22個基因座。所取樣的223隻，分屬於16 個族群：1個巴氏小雨挂、5個黑蒙西氏小雨蛙、2個史丹吉氏小雨蛙及8個小雨蛙族群。分析結果顯示巴氏小雨蛙、黑蒙西氏小雨蛙、和小雨蛙有較近的遺傳關係，史丹吉氏小雨蛙則與它們的關係較遠。四種狹口蛙科的16個族群可由遺傳距離的UPGMA結果分為三群：(1)臺灣的小雨蛙；(2)臺灣的巴氏小雨垃、黑蒙面氏小雨蛙和琉球群島的小雨蛙；(3)臺灣的、史丹吉氏小雨蛙。 此外，狹口蛙科之種間及種內皆已呈現高度的基因分化。

Four species of Microhylidae distributed in Far East (Taiwan and Ryukyu Is.) were compared by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Electrophoretic patterns of 22 locus for 10 enzymes extracted from the skeletal muscle and liver were analyzed in 223 frogs, of 16 populations including one of M. bulteri, five of M. heymonsi, two of M. in ornata and eight of M. ornata. Results indicated that M. bulteri, M. heymonsi and M. ornata were closely related in genetic. While M. inornata was far away from these three species. These 16 populations of four species were deivided into three groups by the result from UPGMA of genetic distance: (1) M. ornata in Taiwan. (2) M. bultrei, M. heymonsi in Taiwan and M. ornata in Ryukyu Is. (3) M. inornata in Taiwan. Moreover, the level of interspecific and intrapopulation genetic differentiations seemed to be very high.