不同運動類型運動員在視覺工作記憶表現之差異:事件關聯電位研究

Abstract

工作記憶已被證明是重要的認知功能之一,過去研究主要是透過閉鎖性的運動方式 促進其能力,開放性運動環境相較於閉鎖性運動環境較具變化及不可預測性,研究發現 經常從事開放性運動類型的參與者,不僅在視覺工作記憶表現優於非規律運動習慣者, 亦反映在電生理表現上。亦有研究指出開放性運動類型選動員在抑制功能表現優於閉鎖 性運動類型運動員,然而不同運動類型與視覺工作記憶表現及大腦神經歷程之關係目前 尚未有探討。本研究招募了開放性運動類型運動員(OA)、閉鎖性運動類型運動員(CA) 及對照組(C)各16名,平均年齡為20.60歲,探討不同運動類型在視覺工作記憶表現及事 件關聯電位中P3成分之差異。在體適能結果上,多數表現皆優於對照組,而在心肺適能 及柔軟度CA優於OA。在行為表現上,運動員在視覺注意力及工作記憶的反應時間都較 對照組來得短,在不同運動類型並未有差異 (OA=659.49 ms& CA=692.59ms < C=779.88 ms)。在電生理表現上,在視覺工作記憶情境中,運動員相較於對照組有較大的P3振幅, 但在不同運類型並未有差異 (OA=8.68μV&CA=:9.34 >C=5.54μV)。本研究結發現運動員 相較於對照組有較佳的行為及電生理表現,不同運動類型並未有差異,說明不同運動類 型皆有助於視覺工作記憶表現,亦反映在大腦神經歷程上。Working memory is a critical component of cognitive function, which has been shown enhanced by exercises, close-skill exercise in particular. Comparing to close-skill exercise, open-skill exercise is characterized by an environment that is constantly changing and more unpredictable. Previous studies have shown that open-skill exercisers performed better than control group (C) on visual working memory (VWM) task. A few studies suggested that open-skill athletes (OA) have better inhibitory ability than close-skill athletes (CA). However, whether the differences can be extended to other executive function components remain unknown. The aims of this study was to examine the relationship between exercise mode and VWM with both behavioral and neuroelectric measurements. Forty-eight participants were recruited (M=20.60y, OA=16, CA=16, C=16). The results showed that both athletic groups have better fitness, VWM and visual attention performance than the control. However, compared to the control, both athletic groups demonstrated larger P3 amplitude only in VWM condition, but not in visual attention condition. The results suggest that regardless of exercise type, exercise is associated with better VWM and neuroelectric performance.