金瓜石地區觀光遊憩活動之研究

Abstract

本研究以台北縣瑞芳鎮金瓜石地區為研究對象來探討其觀光遊憩的轉化過程；與鄰近旅遊區的相互關係；居民與遊客對於旅遊區發展的行為模式與認知；最後分析研究區的生態旅遊發展的問題與未來發展趨勢。 金瓜石地區金瓜石的金礦開採已有一百多年的歷史，早在16世紀開始，各國的探險家即已知道台灣北部有豐富的砂金存在，直到日本接管台灣，產金過程開始公司化經營及採礦機具的進步，因此開始大規模產金，也開啟金瓜石輝煌的採金史，到了1973年後國際銅價陷入低潮，加上富礦體已採盡，由「採選」轉為「冶鍊、加工」等業務，從此金瓜石地區的黃金生產也暫告一段落。金瓜石地區歷經了輝煌的採金過程留下了豐富的採礦痕跡，並引領人們對黃金的遐想，想一窺黃金的奧妙，所以一些採礦點與煉金處便成為觀光客想拜訪的地點，也因此帶動觀光客的到訪。 金瓜石地區的觀光發展，民國90年代在前縣長蘇貞昌及當時代理縣長林錫耀數度造訪金瓜石及九份地區後，深受純樸與富傳奇性的特質吸引，希望能以更具深度的方式向大家介紹此一地區，希望園區能以與地方產業結合，為金、九地區帶來新風貌，開始有設立黃金博物園區的想法。 九份的觀光業比金瓜石早幾年發展，不過這二座兄弟城在觀光發展上，展現完全不同風貌，九份商業氣息濃，各式各樣的名產店、茶藝館盤據在九份山頭上，僅剩的歷史文物只是留在那，沒有好好規劃與保存；相對來說，金瓜石晚幾年受到商業污染，加上獲選為台灣12個世界遺址潛力點，整個金瓜石社區規劃成黃金博物園區，所有的歷史、人文、自然資產全部完整規劃在園區內，由社區裡的每份子負責保存與維護。 依據民國96年2月至96年6月的週末及假日，對金瓜石地區的遊客進行問卷調查，遊客中以沒來過最多，在景點的停留以半天為主，搭乘的交通工具以自用汽車最多，金瓜石的旅遊資訊，以聽親友及朋友提及最多，和誰一起來，以家人、親戚最多，遊客來訪的同伴人數以2-5人居多。對於金瓜石旅遊後大部分遊客均願意再次造訪，願意者有佔94.3％。顯示遊客對金瓜石地區的旅遊滿意度極高。 遊客到訪金瓜石地區的旅遊動機以「久聞金瓜石盛名，想一睹廬山真面目」佔大多數。從事主要活動，以參觀博物館為最多。遊客認為金瓜石地區最具吸引力的「五個旅遊景點」依次為黃金博物館、太子賓館、黃金瀑布、黃金神社、觀看陰陽海。在金瓜石旅遊後認為金瓜石地區的未來發展，以藝文展覽活動為最多，其次為礦業相關旅遊活動。顯示出金瓜石地區能夠吸引遊客的到訪，完全以礦業發展所遺留下來的建物與人文風情在吸引遊客。 金瓜石黃金博物園區的開園，為金瓜石地區帶來新的發展契機，也為沒落的礦業聚落帶來新的風貌，透過文建會及台北縣政府的規劃，將老舊的礦業建築重新包裝與修復，並透過各種解說媒體的建置，將採礦歷史與珍貴的自然資源呈現在遊客經過的地方。然而黃金博物園區在推動觀光發展過程中卻也碰到相當多的問題，其中以地方資源的整合困難為最大的障礙。如何將此一障礙消除，獲得當地居民與行政單位支持，將是黃金博物園區是否能在金瓜石地區，站穩腳步的一大關鍵。This research discussed the tourism transition of Jinguashi, Reuifang Township, Taipei County, including the relationships between the nearby tourism areas, the reactions of the local residents and tourists, and the analysis of the problems and future trends of the eco-tourism development in the researched area. It had been more than one hundred years of history on the gold mining in Jinguashi area. In the 16th century, the explorers from all over the world were acknowledged of the discovery of gold at the north part of Taiwan. Not until Japanese took over Taiwan and the advancement of mining tools used, the gold-refining became enterprise oriented and started its mass production era, which made the golden history of Jinguashi. However, since 1973 the price of cooper fell to the bottom and the major mine had been exhausted, the gold production of Jinguashi ended. Nowadays, the rich gold mining remains attract people of gold. Those gold mining and gold refining sites have become the places where the tourists want to visit and where bring people to visit. The tourism business of Jioufen was developed earlier than it of Jinguashi. These two places show the different styles on the tourism development. Jioufen is more commercial oriented with various souvenir shops and tea shops. The historical remains of Jioufen are just standing there without conservation. On the contrast, Jinguashi was commercialized later than Jioufen and further was designated as one of the 12 world-class historical ruins of Taiwan. The whole Jinguashi area was projected into Gold Ecological Park, where preserves every part of the historical, humanistic, and natural resources. Everyone in the area is in charge of the conservation and the maintenance. Since Gold Ecological Park operates, it brings new looks and new developmental hopes for the Jinguashi area with all regards to Council for Cultural Affairs of Executive Yuan and Taipei County Government. Old mining ruins got rebuilt and repacked and are presented to tourists through all kinds of newly built touring media showing the precious mining history and natural resources. Nevertheless, Gold Ecological Park still faces many problems while pushing the tourism development. Among all problems, how to allocate the local resources is the biggest obstacle. How to overcome that obstacle will be the most important factor whether Gold Ecological Park can acquire supports from the local residents and the related administration and can stand soundly in Jinguashi area.