國中社會領域教科書階級意識型態之內容分析

Abstract

本研究為第一個建立分析類目進行國中社會領域教科書階級意識型態之研究，以量化兼重質性分析的內容分析法為研究方法，檢視98學年度國中社會領域教科書之階級意識型態，研究目的為瞭解教科書文本探討之階級議題內涵，論述中所隱含的階級意識型態，並解構教科書階級意識型態的霸權宰制情形。本研究獲致之結論如下： 一、國中社會領域教科書階級議題之文本內涵 （一）相關議題探討偏重於經濟層面，貧與富最常見出現於論述中，顯示財富之擁有仍為建構階級意識型態之基礎。 （二）階級議題探討呈現支離破碎，未能有組織或系統性探討相關議題。 （三）教科書對階級相關議題僅於表象描述，未能切入問題核心進行探討。 二、國中社會領域教科書隱含之階級意識型態 （一）教科書透過人物稱謂、負面造詞、文意嘲諷或美化，呈現對勞動階級之語言偏見，並藉階級慣用詞彙形塑階級符碼，有利中上階級學習。 （二）教科書呈現出職業角色、家庭決策導向、生活型態、人格特質、社會參與以及階級關係等六種階級刻板印象。 （三）中上階級思維為論述主體，勞動階級消失於國中社會領域教科書中。 （四）教科書文本呈現階級間生活落差、文化落差、形象落差與權勢落差。 三、國中社會領域教科書階級意識型態霸權之解構 （一）中上階級意識為階級意識型態霸權之主宰 （二）教科書知識成為操縱階級之商品 （三）國中社會領域教科書成為階級再製機制This study is the first research to construct a category framework for analyzing class ideologies underlying the social studies textbooks at junior high school level. The textbooks analyzed in this study were published between 2009 and 2010. The content analysis method is applied to investigate, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the following questions: how are class issues described and discussed in the textbooks? What kind of class ideology is presented in the textbooks? How does the dominant class ideology suppress others to create a classed cultural hegemony? The following are the conclusions generated from this study: 1.The social studies textbooks overemphasize the economical aspect of class issues. The issue of poverty and wealth is mentioned most in the texts, which indicate that the social classes are still categorized by the possession of wealth. Also, class issues are discussed in fragmented and superficial ways and the core class issues are not systematically and thoroughly examined. 2.The textbooks favor the middle-upper class codes and represent class stereotypes and biases based on the dominant class ideology. The texts also describe explicitly and implicitly the disparities of the lifestyles, power and culture between social classes. The voices and experiences of the working class are excluded from the textbooks. 3.The middle-upper class ideology is the only dominant class ideology in the textbooks. As a result, the textbooks indeed are commodities of power manipulation to maintain and reproduce the legitimacy of the middle-upper class ideology.