北部地區大學院校護理系學生生活壓力、社會支持與憂鬱程度調查研究

Abstract

本研究目的在瞭解北部地區大學院校護理系學生生活壓力、社會支持與憂鬱程度調查研究。以九十四年度就讀北部地區大學院校護理日間部學生為研究對象，採分層集束抽樣抽取樣本，經自填式問卷調查後，得有效樣本367人。 本研究所得重要結果如下： 一、研究對象在過去六個月內感到困擾的生活壓力以前途壓力為最大，其次是實習壓力、課業壓力。在社會支持方面，研究對象獲得社會支持主要來源為家人，而獲得社會支持種類以訊息性支持為最多。另外，根據貝克量表第二版（BDI-Ⅱ）的測量結果發現有約三分之一的研究對象有憂鬱的情形。 二、研究對象生活壓力與性別、學制、自我身體狀況、父親身體狀況、 母親身體狀況、居住狀況、父母婚姻狀況、家庭社經地位等呈顯著相關 ，其中女生比男生有較高的實習壓力；技職體系四技護理系較普通大 學護理系生有較高的實習與課業壓力；自我身體狀況差者、父母身體 狀況差者、在外租屋者、家庭結構不完整者與低社經地位者研究對象 生活壓力較高。 三、研究對象社會支持與自我身體狀況、母親身體狀況、家庭社經地位等呈顯著相關，其中自我身體狀況好者、母親身體狀況好者研究對象獲得較多的情緒性支持、訊息性支持與工具性支持；而家庭社經地位高者則獲得較多的工具性支持。 四、研究對象憂鬱程度與自我身體狀況、父親身體狀況、母親身體狀況、居住狀況與父母婚姻狀況等呈顯著相關，其中自我身體狀況差者、父母身體狀況差者、在外租屋者與家庭結構不完整者較容易產生憂鬱的情緒。 五、研究對象生活壓力與憂鬱程度呈正相關，而社會支持與生活壓力與憂鬱呈現負相關，亦即當研究對象感受到生活壓力越大時。而其中最能有效預測憂鬱程度的因素為：情緒性支持、訊息性支持、父親的健康狀況、課業壓力、環境壓力、居住狀況、前途壓力、感情壓力等八項。The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship among the life stress, social support and the depressive degree of the college nursing students in the northern Taiwan in 2005. According to the stratified cluster sampling and a self-administrated questionnaire, we got 367 effective samples in this study. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1.During the past six months, the main life stress that bothered them was the anxiety about the future, followed clinical practice and academic pressure. The social support they received was informational support that mainly came from their family. In addition, according to the result of the BDI-Ⅱ shows one third of nursing students had an aptitude for depressive. 2.They were significant between the life stress and the social demographical variables which includes of sex, the school system, the personal health status, the health status of parents, the marital status of parents and social-economic status. The girls had higher stress of clinical practice than the boys. The students studied in technology of nursing had higher stress of clinical practice and academic than who studied in standard of nursing. Subjects with higher life stress were the weak health status of them and parents, living in a tenement, the fragmented family structure and low social-economic status. 3.They were significant between the social support and the social demographical variables which includes of the personal health status, mother’s health status and social-economic status. Subjects who had better health status of themselves and mother had more informational, instrumental and emotional support. With high social-economic status, they had more instrumental support. 4. They were significant between the depressive degree and the social demographical variables which includes of the personal health status, the health status of parents, the resident situation and the marital status of parents. Subjects with aptitude for depressive were the weak health status of them and parents, living in a tenement and the fragmented family structure. 5. It was significantly positive correlation between the life stress and the depressive degree. It was significantly negative correlation among the life stress, social support and the depressive degree. The most important factors to predict he depressive degree were the emotional support, informational support, health status of father, academic stress, environment stress, resident situation, future stress and sentiment stress.