以多準則決策架構推衍數位孿生技術之影響關係與導入策略

Abstract

隨著大數據分析、人工智慧等新興技術的進步，數位孿生技術日益成熟，可降低複雜供應鏈斷鏈之風險。然而目前數位孿生之研究中，大部分僅提到數位孿生在製造工廠的應用，鮮少探討於供應鏈上導入數位孿生時，可優先導入的技術與採取的策略。為解決此問題，本研究導入數位孿生五維模型，採取混合多準則決策分析法 (Multiple Criteria Decision Making, MCDM)，使用決策試驗實驗室評估法 (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL) 進行在上下游工廠實施數位轉型策略的因果關係分析，確定彼此的影響程度，選擇影響力最大的數位轉型策略。並且，利用基於決策實驗室評估法之網路流程 (DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process, DANP) 對分析結果中的策略進行加權評估，以考慮其重要度指標，也使用多準則折衷評估方法 (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, VIKOR) 得出導入數位孿生所需的折衷排名技術，最後搭配路徑圖，提供供應鏈公司導入數位孿生相關技術時的參考，能有效利用數位孿生的關鍵技術與其相應策略，減少不必要的投資成本。本研究為了能更理解公司目前在供應鏈上使用數位孿生時採用的技術與策略，邀請於供應鏈管理中導入數位孿生的產學專家填寫問卷。依據實證研究的結果，評估五維模型所需技術的優先順序，並規劃供應鏈導入數位孿生時所需的策略。本研究結果為希望導入數位孿生的供應鏈公司推衍出關鍵技術與最佳化策略，以提高生產效率和產品效能。

Owing to the prosperous development of advanced technologies such as big data analysis and Artificial Intelligence (AI), digital twins technologies have gradually become mature, which diminishes the risks of disruption in complex supply chain. However, among most of the current thesis about digital twins merely mention the use cases of digital twins in manufacturing factories. Less research discusses the imported technologies and adopted strategies that should be given priority under the structure of digital twins in supply chains.For the purpose of overcoming this problem, this research integrates five-dimension digital twins and has adopted Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). First of all, Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is integrated to analyze cause and effect of the digital transformation strategies that upstream and downstream businesses tend to adopt to make sure which strategies influence others the most. In this way, the digital transformation strategy in an maximal influence degree will be opted for. Furthermore, DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (DANP) conducts the weighted assessment for the analysis results to consider the relative significance. Also, VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) is applied to obtain the compromise grading of the essential technologies to perform Digital twin in supply chains. Consequently, firms in supply chains can take technology roadmaps for reference when introducing digital twins, which helps managers implement the most crucial technologies and the relevant strategies of digital twins.To realize more about the technologies and strategies that enterprises employ currently for supply chains, this study invites the digital twin experts from academia and industry to fill out the questionnaire. According to the empirical research results, digital twin models can be used to analyze the precedence of required technologies in five-dimension digital twins and envision the supply chain strategies. In terms of firms that expect to introduce digital twins into supply chains, the study’s findings can help deduce key technologies and optimization strategies to enhance manufacture efficiency and product performances.