台灣地區拳擊教練及選手知覺教練領導行為之實證研究

Abstract

本研究主要目的是在探討不同背景特性的拳擊教練及選手對教練領導行為知覺上之差異情形。研究方法採量為主；質為輔方式進行。資料蒐集包含問卷、晤談兩種。本研究主要工具為「台灣地區拳擊教練領導行為調查問卷」、「台灣地區拳擊選手知覺教練領導行為調查問卷」，以參加九十二年全國總統盃拳擊錦標賽之教練及選手為研究對象進行問卷調查，回收有效問卷教練51份、選手356份，統計方法以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、t考驗及薛費氏法。並藉由質性深入晤談，將拳擊教練及選手對教練領導行為知覺的深刻體會，歸納分析融入研究結果中。經結果分析討論獲得以下結論：（一）不同背景變項的拳擊教練知覺教練領導行為，除選手出身及成績滿意度達顯著水準外，其餘均未達顯著水準。（二）不同背景變項的拳擊選手知覺教練領導行為，除接受拳擊訓練年數未達顯著水準外，其餘均達顯著水準。（三）不同背景變項的拳擊教練知覺教練領導行為其構面的優先順序為：訓練與指導行為、獎賞行為、關懷行為、民主行為、專制行為。（四）不同背景變項的拳擊選手知覺教練領導行為其構面的優先順序為：訓練與指導行為、民主行為、獎賞行為、關懷行為、專制行為。（五）台灣地區拳擊教練及選手知覺教練領導行為其差異情形在訓練與指導行為、民主行為、關懷行為、獎賞行為構面中皆為拳擊教練知覺高於拳擊選手知覺。從本研究發現，台灣地區拳擊教練及選手知覺教練領導行為有顯著差異。最後依研究結果與結論提出建議，以作為日後教練培育及後續研究之參考。The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of coaches leadership behavior perceived by boxing coaches and athletes with different background characteristics in Taiwan. The participants were boxing coaches and athletes who took part in the 2003 National President Cup Boxing Tournament. Separate questionnaires were administered to all participants. Valid returned questionnaires included 51 from the coaches and 356 from the athletes. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test and post hoc Scheffe’s method were used for data analysis. In-depth interview was also used to clarify ambiguous concepts. The results were as follows in 5 summaries. (1) For coaches, significant differences were found in training and satisfaction level. (2) For athletes, significant difference was found in training years. (3) Coaches ranked coaches behavior from training and instrastruction, reward, caring, democratic to authoritative behavior. (4) Athletes ranked perceived coaches behavior from coaching and instruction, democratic, reward, caring to authoritative behavior. (5) Significant differences were found in coaching and instruction, democratic and caring behavior between coaches and athletes. The findings of this study have implications for coaches training and future research.