北京中國美術館的特展及其教育意義 —「民族翰骨：潘天壽誕辰120周年紀念大展」案例研究

Abstract

目前，隨著中國經濟與科技的飛速發展，公共文化事業逐漸受到社會關注。美術館的公共教育職能與社會參與職能變成當下博物館發展的主要議題。自2013年開始，博物館數量不斷擴張，藝術展覽數量也隨之增加。從博物館參訪人次的大幅提升中，可以看出中國的觀展熱度在逐年遞增。公立美術館的主要展覽內容離不開文化政策的發展。早在2013年國家開始大力推廣中國傳統文化，並對博物館的相關展覽工作出臺一系列相關試行辦法。要充分發揮美術館的影響力，重點研究方向應集中在其展覽展示功能與公共文化教育價值的提升。本文選取『民族翰骨——潘天壽誕辰120周年紀念大展』作為研究案例，試圖梳理出相關文化政策的脈絡、探討博物館、美術館在公共教育中扮演的角色以及潘天壽的作品在民族文化中的教育意涵。全文共分五章，第一章緒論，為綜述研究動機、背景與方法；第二章作為文獻探討，梳理中國外研究情況與相關案例分析對比；第三章為美術館的展覽及其教育意義，重點對潘天壽誕辰120周年紀念大展的空間規劃及內容進行簡要概述說明。第四章基於前文理論基礎試探討博物館的文教意義與公共文化職能，以及本文之所以選取潘天壽紀念大展作為研究案例，既是由於潘展的規模之大，亦是由於潘展的參展人數之廣，探索潘展的成功以及潘天壽紀念大展作為美術館展示文化遺產的展覽在活動設置上的教育意義、以及從民族精神、文化的重新回歸的角度探討關於美術館的社會職能中文化認同的問題。第五章為結論綜述，闡述潘天壽紀念大展的成功經驗對其他美術館關於傳統文化傳播及教育的啟示。弘揚中國傳統水墨畫被當作增強民族自信的一部分逐漸受到重視，中國傳統文化在當代的地位及對傳統文人的精神內涵的有了不同理解。隨著經濟、社會文化的發展，生活層面人們對精神物質方面有了更多需求。公立美術館關於弘揚民族自信的展覽變為兩方面，第一展覽內容多以文化遺產為主，第二看重公眾教育與社會認同。也就是說美術館將文化遺產長期、反復曝光在大眾視野下，展示文化遺產增加國民文化認同，還能完善博物館教育體系。通過社會各界的探討分析，在當下的討論熱度中豐富了文化遺產的資源，拓寬了傳統文化的更多發展可能。Currently, the public cultural undertakings of the Art Museum of China are constantly developing. In order to give full play to the public education and social participation of the art museum,attract the public,enrich Chinese cultural resources,and promote the spirit of the traditional Chinese culture,we should actively think about how to reflect the public education and social participation in the art exhibitions in the curatorial work of the art museum. Nowadays,art museums have the function of cultural symbols in many countries.In this case, it is imperative to fully exert the influence of art museums and reflect the display function and educational value in the domestic cultural trend that promotes the development of traditional Chinese culture and enhances national self-confidence. In the past five years,the number of academic debates,summits and exhibitions of the traditional Chinese culture organized by museums is also very noticeable.Chinese traditional ink painting has a long history,from the deep foundation of cultural painting to the comprehensive maturity of technical expansion,which has formed a set of unique performance programs.Therefore,as one part of the traditional Chinese art forms,Chinese traditional ink painting should become the focus of the exhibition theme.This thesis mainly expounds the relevant exhibitions of the traditional Chinese art and culture organized by the public aesthetic organization. The main research contents are divided into the following three aspects:Why do the art exhibitions of public art galleries serve as cultural and educational public promotion for the advancement of the traditional culture? Why did the related art exhibition choose Chinese traditional ink painting as the whole content of the exhibition? In the process of selecting exhibition objects,why did people decide to take Pan Tianshou as a representative of the traditional Chinese ink painting to plan a series of special exhibitions of national self-confidence? In the related Pan Tianshou commemorative exhibition,this thesis takes"National Bone-Pan Tianshou's 120th Anniversary Exhibition" as an example to sort out the context of relevant cultural policies,and explore the role of museums and art galleries in public education as well as the educational significance of Pan Tianshou's works in national culture.